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Panama's development, district by district
American fugitive runs Bocas scam


The fugitive who would be king

American, wanted for fraud,
runs noni land scheme in Panama

by Okke Ornstein


A noni is not always a noni. It may look like a noni. It may even smell like a noni. But as long as it doesn't taste like a noni or break like a noni, it certainly is not a noni.

The same applies to investments. Who wouldn't like to retire to his own Caribbean beachfront paradise? Build his dream house next to the marina and make lots of tax-free money with medicinal fruit in the process? Sounds like a perfect deal, right? Well, not quite. Because it may look like a good deal and even smell like a good deal, but as long as it doesn't taste like a good deal nor breaks like a good deal, it is simply not a good deal.

It started with an email. An Irishman wrote me that he wanted to discuss investing in Panama with me. The next day, I showed up at the hotel where he was staying, and it turned out he was not alone but had brought a friend, an older man who walked with a stick. We sat down and ordered coffee. Within minutes, I was listening to one of the wildest stories I had heard for quite some time. The two gentlemen, who were from the US, weren't looking for investment opportunities. They had been chasing a man, a man who had defrauded them of about a million dollars three years back in Costa Rica. He had sold them "sugar bonds" and other investment vehicles that later turned out not to exist. "We were the typical bushy-tailed, bright-eyed, innocent and naive Americans that fell for his enthusiasm and smart sales talk," one of the gentlemen explained. "He told us how he was going to make us rich, 'you sign the check and let me do the rest,' and we believed him."

The man, Ian Calvert Bleasdale, did not make his clients rich however. He took the money and ran. He ran away from fraud charges brought against him and child sex abuse charges filed by his wife. Child sex abuse had been like a red line throughout his career of fraud and embezzlement. The two victims that I was now listening to in the lobby of this hotel had decided not to let him get away with it. They tracked him down through Mexico and Brazil, and finally found him in Panama. "He continued his pedophile activities here and frequented parties of Madam Tonya. That's how we found him; through one of the girls that worked for her." It took several weeks before they were able to make a positive identification. When they had, Bleasdale one morning showed up at his work and was suddenly grabbed by the two victims. "He started to fight, that's why I'm now walking with a stick," said the oldest man. The fighting and screaming caused an uproar in the classy neighborhood, and soon the police arrived at the scene. They were shown the arrest warrants and Interpol documents by my two new friends and Bleasdale was arrested and deported to Costa Rica the next day.

"Where did you find him?" I asked.

"He worked for a company called San Cristobal," the youngest man replied, "he was their sales director. He didn't use his own name, in Panama he was Ian Calvert."

I remembered him. I met this Calvert once at a party, and he struck me as an overly enthusiast Bruit who was going on and on about how he could make me and everybody else rich with noni farms he was selling. "You just lean back and let us do the work," he proclaimed. He even invited me for lunch to discuss how he "could set me up in this paradise called Panama." I thought he was crazy and never went to have lunch with him. And now I was sitting here with two men that had simply picked him up from the street and handed him to the police.

But how could a wanted fugitive be working for a company under a fake name, when he wasn't even able to renew his passport? What was this company called San Cristobal, and who were its principals? Intrigued by everything I heard, I started to investigate.

Founder of San Cristobal is a Tom McMurrain, a US citizen who came to Panama a couple of years ago. The biography that is sent out to clients portrays him as a businessman with a "successful track record" of corporate glory. The bio further boasts that his "several start-up enterprises and cutting-edge concepts and marketing strategies have consistently been proven money makers over time."

San Cristobal offers its clients an investment opportunity to feast upon. For prices ranging from $71,000 to $126,000, they sell you beachfront land in Bocas del Toro. They plant 50 percent of the land with tropical hardwood trees, mainly teak, and the other 50 percent with noni. The hardwood is cut and sold after 20 to 25 years. In the meantime, the noni generates residual income, tax free, because noni is a hot product that sells for good prices. Being a reforestation investment, investors can get residency in Panama. A variety of real estate websites promotes the investment to the public. Prospective investors visit Panama on organized tours and sign a purchase contract one after the other. "The best retirement investment I've seen in 20 years!" exclaims one advertorial on one of these sites. And it indeed looks like a good deal. It even smells like a good deal --- until you look a little further.

"You're looking into San Cristobal? Be careful with these people," says a lawyer who wishes to remain anonymous. "I don't even want to represent clients that invest with them."

"Tom McMurrain? He really should be stopped and arrested," says a hotel manager who wishes to remain anonymous. "He stole a lot of money from a lot of people."

"It's not that he stole those millions, it's how he did it and the fact that he got away with it," says a victim of McMurrain who lost over a million dollars. "He pretended to be a friend, we invited him in our homes. He appears bright, smart, great ideas, fun to be with. And then he took the money and ran."

"It was one of the most painful periods of my life. I'd rather not think about it any more," says his former bookkeeper. "He let me take the fall for his crimes."

"Tom McMurrain. Ask around about Magna Societal here in Panama. I can't tell you anything further," writes somebody to me, anonymously.

Prince Noni and the Principality of Magna


So I went to ask around. It quickly became clear that San Cristobal was not the beginning of Tom McMurrain's "successful track record" in Panama. I found two promotional emails for an investment MLM type scheme called "Magna Societal." Tom McMurrain, as it becomes clear from the promotion, came to Panama with a dream. He wanted to buy an island. He wanted to declare independence. He was the man that would be king. Or prince, because the independent island would be called the "Principality of Magna," and it would be a haven for Internet offshore banking as it would be founded "on top of several Internet backbones," it would have "virtual residence" and loads of money making time share opportunities. "The Benefits of Magna: No Debt, No Taxes, No Trade Restrictions, No Restrictions of God Given Human Rights... No Limits!," says one promotional email, in which Magna also claims to have more than 1,000 "web fluent members" and pays $500 to everyone bringing a new member in. "Members are able to participate in a tremendous income opportunity and will have the option in the future to purchase virtual residences with time-share options or own actual physical homes complete with residency status," reads the email, before it enters into the mysterious phrase "We are building a physical and virtual community on the natural resources of ones and zeros."

"It just went away," says one source who did some business with McMurrain in his first year in Panama, "but a lot of people put money in it and of course never saw it back."

The Internet domains that were used for Magna Societal are all registered in the name of Tom McMurrain. When he started San Cristobal, the email domains and servers where the same, just like the toll- free US phone number that San Cristobal uses. Magna was gone, but McMurrain's dream of running his own fiefdom had not lost its spirit, and he now set out to take over Bocas del Toro.

Tom McMurrain and his noni gangsters


Everybody I talked to who had met McMurrain at one point mentioned his goons.

McMurrain, settling down in Bocas del Toro, hired some local toughs who act as his bodyguards, steer his boat, and show prospects around. When stories began to reach me about McMurrain and his gang selling cocaine, I decided to look further into his team. And some private army it turned out to be.

Prospective investors are being handled by, according to documents obtained from the police in Bocas del Toro, known criminals like Aurelio Pomares, alias "Fats," whom the police allege has been involved in cases of counterfeiting, threatening with firearms and drug dealing; Jim Smith Yessy, alias "Yimi", another alleged drug dealer; Alex Hansell, alias "Bobon," and other characters who go by names like"Big Yans" and "Mollo".

They're all hired by a McMurrain company called "Patrulla Angel" (Angel Patrol), which purports to be a private security outfit. They drive around in a Land Rover with dark windows, providing them with cover and mobility to realize sales of drugs, the police report alleges. "We're scared of them," say many Bocas inhabitants and entrepreneurs.

Rumpelstiltskin


Soon after I started my inquiries into San Cristobal, a mysterious source entered the scene, whom we'll call Rumpelstiltskin. Like his counterpart in the famous fairy tale, Rumpelstiltskin operated hidden away, being able to see all but not to be seen, like a fly on the wall, a hidden camera behind a mirror. And Rumpelstiltskin began to give me stuff. Emails and documents, print-outs, discs, messages, and lots of it. Genuine inside material from San Cristobal, that painted a devastating picture about the way the company is run, how clients are routinely lied to, how money disappears and clients have difficulty to get their deposits back, the messy situation with land titles and the clearing and planting of the sold properties, and so forth. While my hard disc and desk drawers began to fill up, I plowed through the enormous amount of material.

Your title is in the mail!


The innocent people that buy into the San Cristobal scheme are promised land titles for their property. They need a title, because without a title, the reforestation will not be recognized with a reforestation certificate and investors can not apply for residency or tax benefits. San Cristobal is very creative in their terminology where it comes to land titles. One email send out to prospective clients talks about "free-titled waterfront land," whereas an other one mentions that investors will receive a "Free simple title to your property titled to the corporation (or any name that you desire)."

However, the land that San Cristobal sells is so-called "right of possession" land. It is possible to get titles on it, but it's not guaranteed, and it can be a slow process. How San Cristobal can promise their investors reforestation certificates and to handle all the residency paperwork without a guaranteed title remains unclear. Why the land was not titled before selling it on to investors is another question that has so far not been answered. This doesn't stop San Cristobal from making promise after promise to its clients. "We sent some three titled land plantations out today, just missing the internal lines by the surveyors, which also are then registered. Will ask Barry for time on your land for title," writes San Cristobal to a worried client, "We are working hard for you." But not hard enough, apparently, because almost two months later, the client still has no title to his property. It''s just of many examples. "Keep smiling," is the advice that San Cristobal ends one of these emails with.

Contrary to the promises made to investors, internally the people of San Cristobal are well aware of the true situation with the land titles. "There are no titles, and you know it," writes Barry Miller, one of the principals and a US lawyer, to one of the sales people. It does not have any effect: the promises continue. Writes one desperate investor: "At the moment, from the point of view of my assets, I have $106,000 missing from my cash and no piece of paper to say that I own something in return!"

Another angry investor loses his patience and writes: "I have requested a map of the property set aside for us several times and have received nothing. After five months, "surely" the surveying in that area has been done and you can show us on paper what we have purchased. (Correction: what we are "trying" to purchase.) We will need to have some kind of map in order to close."

The only land title I have seen so far is a document that titles 30 hectares in the name of San Cristobal. The document was obtained in April and was quickly sent to a client that wanted money back because the promises had not been met.

But investors, according to San Cristobal, need not worry. In an email full of mumbo jumbo about how these investments are going to prosper and noni is THE future crop to make cash, Tom McMurrain, after having made clear that he needs the outstanding balance to be paid, concludes: "M, everyday I wake up I move with a goal to get your principal back to you within three to five years. I have a lot of horsepower behind what you are investing in. I am sure you will appreciate it when the time comes."

Your property, a garden paradise!


A similar chaotic situation exists in the clearing and planting of the properties. Yet again, the correspondence with clients shows a pattern of dubious claims as to the status of their property. Clients want to see pictures of their property planted with noni and teak, and get replies like "I thought Tom had sent you both an update and your pictures. He is in Bocas today, will check with him and you will have both. I saw the pictures, just beautiful, like a garden paradise. Relax stay tuned, am on top of it for you," and again, months later, there are still no pictures, nothing that proves San Cristobal's claim that "all plantations are fully cleared and planted within three months of full payment received."

The clearing is a whole story in itself. A lot of hectares that have been acquired by San Cristobal consist of deserted cacao plantations. Cacao grows on trees. After having been abandoned many years ago, the plantations have become a forest. This cacao trees are now being cut by San Cristobal to plant hardwood trees. Cutting forest to reforest is an environmental crime in Panama, but ANAM so far has not intervened. "They're clearing the land with chainsaws," says one witness from Bocas del Toro.

"How can investors ever get a reforestation certificate based on this?," I ask a lawyer. "They can't," is his reply, "ANAM will never approve of these practices."

Money grows on trees!


Other San Cristobal literature talks about "our reforestation experts," and their advertorials claim that a teak tree values about $2,500 and this will increase with 6 percent annually. The "reforestation experts," who are not named on the website nor anywhere else, don't appear to be very knowledgeable about teak trees. "A cubic meter of old plantation teak at the moment values about $800," say the experts of Futuro Forestal, one of the highest regarded reforestation companies in Latin America. "If, and only if a 25-year-old tree has a volume of a cubic meter, it will probably bring $2,500 after 30 to 40 years, and then this six percent is already incorporated in that amount, so they are just telling investors pure nonsense." The whole issue of the current and future value of teak trees appears academical anyway, because Futuro Forestal continues: "planting teak in Bocas is a bad idea. To become dense, hardwood needs a real dry season, and in Bocas it simply rains too much. Another problem is fungi that attack the roots, and can cause the trees to fall down when they're 10 to 12 years old because the roots can't support them."

Well, that would at least save investors the cost of cutting their trees, something else San Cristobal forgets to calculate. Various sources in Bocas confirm that the local teak is of poor quality. "It just cracks from the inside," says a woman who worked in the timber industry in the US, "and it rots away within three years, while teak is supposed to last forever."

San Cristobal knows that teak won't grow well in Bocas, but they're planting it anyway. "You are right in the fact that the climate in Bocas del Toro is tropical wet climate all year round, and maybe not be the perfect one for teak," writes San Cristobal to an inquiring client. However, they continue, "we have a five year old teak farm in the area as a referral and this Teak is of good quality." But, according to the Futuro Forestal experts, five years is far too early to judge the quality of trees that are only cut fifteen years later at the earliest. Another example of the San Cristobal "experts'" amateurishness is their claim that "another fact is that the terrain we use has slopes so the drainage is very good and a surplus of rainfall does not do damage to the Teak." Drainage is the ability of the soil to absorb water, and has nothing to do with slopes. "It shows you they have no idea what they're doing at San Cristobal," says Futuro Forestal, "teak is a high erosion species, up to 80 tons per hectare may wash away if you plant teak on slopes. The soil washes into the sea where it causes damage to the coral reefs. The trees will stop growing after 15 years because they don't have any food left. To invest in this you must have no forestry knowledge and be stupid enough not to ask someone who has."

The agricultural horror doesn't stop with the teak. The noni harvest and sales is another subject that is eagerly used by San Cristobal to lure investors into parting with their money. Emails talk about an "emerging holistic cash crop" and prices are quoted for which the investors' nonis are sold ranging from 20¢ to $1.50 per pound. A short visit to the Machetazo reveals that investors would be far better off buying nonis there and reselling them to San Cristobal for the high prices they quote. McMurrain, in one email to a US attorney, states that "we are currently selling about 6,000 pounds a week at about 50¢ per pound. We expect a higher price when we can sign a contract with a bigger company." However, in the same month, January of this year, Tom Rowley, the company accountant, in another email, refers to noni being sold at 20¢ per pound. The reality is that nobody at San Cristobal knows what noni is really worth. At the end of January, Tom Rowley writes that the Bocas noni still needs to be tested for export purposes, while the whole company seems to be struggling with how to send just one gallon of sample noni juice to the US.

Your funds are safe with us!


"We provide a complete escrow sales process utilizing a 30 year bar licensed US Attorney that ensures that you get exactly what you pay for," writes San Cristobal proudly in yet another email to a possible investor. Again, this is a misrepresentation. Escrow, by definition, is an arrangement in which funds are held with an escrow agent who is independent from two parties doing business. The money is released only if preset conditions have been met. In the US, there are rules for lawyers acting as escrow agents. In Panama, you need a trust license. On the 20th of February 2002, two companies were set up in Panama: "San Cristobal Land Management" and "Republic Escrow Services". Both have the same board of directors, the same subscribers, the same registered agent --- everything was the same. They are what you would call sister companies. However, Republic acts as escrow agent for San Cristobal. What's more, clients putting money in escrow with the 30-year bar-licensed US attorney, one Michael Pierce, are asked to wire the money to this gentleman's bank account in Panama. The whole set-up --- no license, no independence from one party to the business deals --- is a disaster waiting to happen, and, reading through the material Rumpelstiltskin sent me, it seems that disaster has happened.

Michael Pierce accepts funds from a client. When the pre-agreed conditions have not been met, the client wants his money back. This, however, is a problem. The money is no longer there. It's gone, spent on who knows what. But Pierce has a problem because the client starts to get angry. He threatens to file a complaint with the bar association. "This could destroy my career!" writes a panicky Michael Pierce. "Please give me some more time."

Pierce turns to San Cristobal for help. He tells them he tried to sell his shipping container with liquor, which is worth $45,000, but he has not found a buyer yet. He promises to do anything if they will just help him save his career. They can have his domain Latinlaw.com, he'll bring clients, whatever, but just advance the $6,000 this client is owed. It's a disaster that needs to be "headed off," agrees Barry Miller, principal and lawyer for San Cristobal. Apparently, something is worked out and after many months of waiting, the client finally gets his money back.

"We own the fucking cookie jar! "


One of the most shocking documents I received was an internal memo of Tom McMurrain to his colleagues about a fund San Cristobal has set up to raise money under the pretext of financing land acquisition. In reality, according to McMurrain's memo, the fund needs to raise money to save San Cristobal from collapse. Maybe some people believe that acquisition of land is a major operation cost for a company like San Cristobal. It's not.

They're currently developing in Palmira, which is close to the San Blas in Panama on the Caribbean coast. If you check in the area which is closest to Palmira but still accessible by car, a place called Cuango, you'll find a hectare doing between $650 and $900, and that's beachfront. So, with normal operating costs and even allowing for expensive clearing and planting, there should be enough money available to buy new land.

The fund, it becomes clear in the document, is in reality not about raising money to buy land, it's about raising money to keep SCLD afloat and its principals comfortable. SCLD should come first, according to McMurrain, because it is "our bread and butter." He also orders to pump up cost and fees, because investors have no idea anyway about the real figures: "Do produce a document that shows a higher level of fees because none of our customers have ever done what we are doing therefore we are foolish to assume they are intimate with our expenses," he writes. He compares buying and clearing and planting land in Panama with prices in Georgia: "We should justify a higher cost simply by getting a higher appraisal from an "ethical" Panamanian property appraiser, WE MUST REMEMBER THAT IN GEORGIA PLANTATION LAND IS MINIMUM $1,000 and Acre... by the way planting and clearing cost are greater than 700 per acre in Georgia as well. Do not ASSUME that a client knows our true expenses... and even if we get challenged we can blow the acquisition out of the water simply by stating the obvious comparatives," writes McMurrain. He is worried about the vacations, the boats and other goodies that SCLD has provided them with, as he types: "It is important that this fund save SCLD from collapse. SCLD has bought cars, boats, property, a good holiday, some vacation time, some home buying (and saving) opportunities and some good entertainment and good meals."

McMurrain wants to be in full control of the money, because, as he puts it: "We own the fucking cookie jar!" What he proposes is in fact a swindle to raise money under false pretenses, siphon it out of the fund and out of shareholder's reach and use the money for purposes other than those investors are led to believe.

McMurrain owning the cookie jar is consistent with prosecutors' allegations about his "successful track record" in the United States. The only difference, it seems, is that he has yet to run with the money.

But at this point in my investigation, I wasn't aware of that. I needed to find out more about McMurrain.

Looking into McMurrain's background and history quickly landed me in the middle of a war with San Cristobal's principals.

The noni tubbies


To get people to feed me with more information, I decided to post some of my findings about San Cristobal on a message board on the Internet, and this immediately caught the attention of clients, prospects, business relations and San Cristobal itself. While some people contacted me with their stories, San Cristobal set out to start its own campaign. Their first move was that Tom Lennon, one of the principals and a friend of Tom McMurrain, contacted me posing as a prospect that was now worried about the investment he was about to make. Pretending to be a Mr. Finlay, he wondered what information I had for him? Quickly, and with help from Rumpelstiltskin, I found out that "Mr. Finlay" was forwarding all our correspondence to San Cristobal's directors. When he accidentally signed with his own initials, "TPL," I knew immediately that it was in reality Tom Lennon. I wrote him this, asking if this was his idea of a PR strategy, and he replied by threatening me, while at the same time asking me not to publish any of those threats on a message board. I published it immediately, and this lead quickly to another battle with San Cristobal. Tom Lennon proceeded to buy the domain name "OkkeOrnstein.com" and posted a lot of nonsense about me under other pen names. Barry Miller, the San Cristobal attorney, threatened to sue me if I continued to publish on the Internet, and told me he would eat me in court.

Meanwhile, some of the business associates of San Cristobal began to distance themselves from the wonderful world of noni and teak. Lyle Burke, the principal of the Tropical Pathways real estate firm, wrote that "I have reached a point where I can no longer support and defend your project in the face of such a hostile environment on the ground in Panama --- I have tried several options in an attempt to minimize exposure to the negative aspects, particularly in Bocas. I keep hearing and having to defend the same issues repeatedly and no longer feel that I can so."

Tom McMurrain, forwarding the message to his colleagues, comments that "I am imagining that the professionals that Lyle has surrounded himself with have paid him at least $25,000 each? He just lost his bread and butter. When he comes back crawling I believe his commission will be greatly reduced. HE CAN"T STAND THE HEAT."

Another good example of the nice way San Cristobal treats its resellers is the way they discuss payment of a commission to Saskia Delic, a Dutch woman who runs a real estate company called Happywhale.com. In an email to Tom McMurrain discussing payments that need to be made, Tom Rowley, the company accountant, asks how they can stall this payment: "and now Saskia is DEMANDING immediate payment of $15,000 commission she says you promised her would be paid on April first. She's being pissy about even waiting for the three days to transfer our money to BN etc. as per the emails back and forth which I've copied to you. Which legitimate bills which are due and payable do you suggest I defer to pay this commission? And what about the charges at the Swans Cay hotel for her, which I haven't seen yet, are they part of her commission or just a gift?" At the time of this story going to press, the commission still had not been paid.

A Dutch company, the "Morinda Investment Group" that was in the advanced stages of setting up a business deal with San Cristobal, backed away from San Cristobal stating that "The lack of a track record for SCLM combined with our concerns on the capabilities of SCLM make that we are not able to accept SCLM as the plantation management company" and: "We also have concerns on the performance of SCLD. These concerns are partly based on the feedback from Dutch investors who visited Bocas recently and on rumors we heard about SCLD and SCLD staff."

As the principals of San Cristobal learned that this and more information was somehow reaching me and their noni principality was showing cracks, they intensified their efforts to shut me up. "While you've been busy talking to our Dutch friends, who aren't yet very forthcoming about their contacts with you, I've been busy with our Panamanian lawyers, who are chock-full of information," writes a frustrated Barry Miller after I posted a message about the Morinda Group moving away from San Cristobal. He then announces a lawsuit against me, and after another message on the message board he notes: "Blah, blah, blah... I've read it all BEFORE, you little asshole!"

I started to get a little worried about where all this would go. Threats, possible lawsuits, this McMurrain and his drug dealing gangsters, principals posing as clients and others --- what was this crazy world of the noni tubbies that I had landed into?

It was at the height of this war that Rumpelstiltskin came to the rescue. "Don't worry about anything," the mysterious source told me, "you're holding all the cards, you just don't know it yet."

And then Rumpelstiltskin showed me the cards I had been holding all this time. Two cards showed arrest warrants for Tom McMurrain from Fulton County, Atlanta, numbers 155027MC and 155028MC for "theft by conversion." The others showed some court documents regarding two civil and one criminal suit under the RICO act against McMurrain. Another one showed how his wife filed for bankruptcy. More documents showed the promissory notes McMurrain issued to raise money in the US, offering interest rates of up to 30 percent per year, and a letter he sent out when he couldn't pay any more, claiming he had built a "winning company" despite his failure, and threatening investors not to run to the SEC.

"Tom McMurrain is a con man, a fraud artist, and a fugitive from US justice. Don't use that information yet. Let them come after you, and they'll walk right into the trap," said Rumpelstiltskin.

I could not sleep that night. What I knew now was enough to blow up San Cristobal, but did I really want to do that? Investors would lose their investments. And I was not looking for scalps, for journalistic trophies to hang on my wall like some of my colleagues. I would prefer a solution in which at least investors would be safe, even though they had been foolish to invest with this outfit in the first place. "Don't count on investors for help," said Rumpelstiltskin, "even when they know they made a mistake, you are bursting their bubble, the dream. They want to continue to believe that their investment is gonna work for them. You will not be their hero if you reveal the truth."

I stayed up all night, and it was already light again when I finally came up with a plan.


- to be continued -




What is noni?



Noni is a fruit that comes from Polynesia. It looks ugly, and smells and tastes horrible. Medicinal powers have been attributed to it --- it's supposed to keep you healthy and young. Life expectancy in Polynesia, however, is no higher than in the rest of the world.

Life extension is a business where new fads frequently emerge and then disappear. Years ago in Monaco, an entrepreneur sold pills with extracts of human placentas that would supposedly keep you young and healthy. A couple of years later, he got cancer and had his genitals amputated. Another character, who distributed multivitamins with anti-oxidants, had to admit that it wasn't the pills, but a facelift, that made him look younger. The noni is the latest fad in this field.

There is no serious scientific verification of the extraordinary health claims made about noni. The biggest distributor of noni juice in the US, Morinda, has faced several suits for making unsupportable claims. Noni juice sales dropped significantly. Noni may, like prune juice or cod liver oil, be good for you, and it may sell for a few years. However, there is no well established market for it and nobody knows how long the fad will last.

Although melons and other non-traditional crops have become an important part of a Panamanian agricultural export scene that has been dominated by bananas, coffee and sugar, no new farm commodity has possessed magical qualities. Noni isn't the first agricultural product of tropical Pacific origin to be promoted in Panama and potential investors would do well to consider the happy and unhappy precedents.

There was, for example, a scheme back in the eighties in which people were lured into investing in macadamia nut plantations in Chiriqui. These nuts, which are indigenous to Hawaii, were supposed to be nature's gold mine. Macadamia nuts do have their attractions, and there is a small market for them, but like the products behind many other booms that have gone bust, they provide no immunity against the laws of supply and demand. The macadamia nut market did not grow as the hype had suggested. Most of the plantations have since been abandoned or cut down.


Editor's note: Many months after this article was published, and also many months after I told San Cristobal Land Development through its attorney that if they can show me that there is anything untrue about this story I will run a correction, Tom McMurrain showed me what appeared to be a notarized printout of the US Law Enforement Information Network file on himself. It did not include a warrant for his arrest. Under Georgia law, as in Panama but unlike most of the United States, a private individual can press criminal charges, which was done by a couple of investors in the case of McMurrain's ill-fated Atlanta Internet business. However, Georgia authorities have for whatever reason apparently not seen fit to on the basis of those charges post a warrant for McMurrain's arrest on the LEIN, which is usually what happens in the case of a fugitive from American justice.



Also in this section:
Business & Economy Briefs

Panama's development, district by district
American fugitive runs Bocas scam



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