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Prosecutors go after sports money diversions to politicians

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FW
Franz Wever, secretary general of the National Assembly, former legislator, bus driver syndicate goon before that and long-time beneficiary of Panama’s sports budgets even though he’s not an athlete. As the head of the baseball federation he notoriously asked sportswriters if they wanted to see his dick — and elicited the also notorious response of “Sorry, I don’t have a microscope handy.” In the wake of that got thrown out of the legislature by the voters. An attempt to get back into elected office in another circuit met with rejection, as have efforts by his son with a similar name. But he has kept himself on the National Assembly payroll, and also on the sports dole, now as head of the swimming federation. Photo by the Asamblea Nacional.

Prosecutors to probe sports
spending on politicians

by Eric Jackson

Most of the members of the National Assembly, in violation of laws and popular demand, have concealed their officeholder payrolls from public view. The few whose payrolls have voluntarily come to light have mostly shown that they had relatives picking up government paychecks, or had employees of their private companies being paid by the legislature rather than the companies. The vague and more legitimate sounding things that have turned up on many of the payrolls are people on salaries as “sports aides.” But now this long-running and fairly well known arrangement is getting some justice system scrutiny for a change.

Everyone who pays attention knows that FEDEBEIS, the national baseball federation, is dominated by legislators and has been for years. After Wever the presidency of that organization went to then-legislator Wigberto Quintero and now it is in the hands of PRD legislator and party president Benicio Robinson. But the big scandal was always thought to be a federation that paid too little attention to developing baseball talent and lavished too many funds on its leaders’ luxury travel.

A La Prensa investigation led by Mary Triny Zea has revealed that it’s way worse than that. As in, million-dollar appropriations to Guna Yala, which doesn’t even have a baseball federation. Of funding supposedly for baseball making circuitous routes through the neighborhood councils of certain corregimientos — which by law don’t get audited by the Comptroller General — and into the pockets of politicians, often via the some of these “sports aides.”

The hue and cry merges into the public movement to vote out all incumbent legislators. If somebody wants to diagram conspiracy charts there are fingerprints of independent forces aligned with businesspeople like Roberto Eisenmann and Stanley Motta. Both prominent athletes and the nation’s major business groups are complaining. The incumbents will have you believe that it’s all a sinister political plot, but like the business community turning against Ricardo Martinelli, this latest turn against the political caste in general is more a matter of small-c conservative estimates that what’s going on is unsustainable and damaging to the national economy as a whole. (And yes, if you are Stanley Motta a lame sports scene also means lost business opportunities for Copa Airlines.)

Comptroller General Federico Humbert, once a director of La Prensa, has been investigating legislative payroll corruption for some time and has referred a few cases to the Supreme Court for possible criminal proceedings. Now the tax prosecutor and the special anti-corruption prosecutor say that they are investigating as well. Just in time for an election season. The anti-corruption prosecutor is looking at the Panamanian Sports Institute (Pandeportes) in general — which of course has some folks like the Panamanian Olympic Committee and the Panamanian Football Federation protesting their innocence and profession support for a clean-up. The tax prosecutor, also with a mandate to track down misappropriated public assets, is following money trails where the comptroller is ordinarily not allowed to tread.

Stay tuned. It’s likely to be a big campaign issue, affecting the major parties and incumbent politicians and perhaps boosting the fortunes of outsiders of varying descriptions.

 

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RSF blacks out Eiffel Tower for slain journalists, a month after Khashoggi death

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RSF
Our fallen colleagues will not be forgotten, nor the fight for justice abandoned. Photo by RSF.

Lights out at the Eiffel Tower
to honor slain journalists

by Reporters Without Borders (RSF)

As the request of Reporters Without Borders (RSF), the Eiffel Tower’s lights were turned off for a minute at 6:30 p.m. today — the eve of International Day to End Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists — as a tribute to Saudi newspaper columnist Jamal Khashoggi and all the other journalists in the world whose murders have so far gone unpunished.

While the lights were extinguished, a minute of silence was observed by RSF secretary-general Christophe Deloire and all those gathered with him on Place de Varsovie, the square located opposite the Eiffel Tower, on the other bank of the River Seine.

It was thanks to the support the Paris city hall that this symbolic tribute was made possible on the eve of International Day to End Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists, which is observed annually on November 2.

Khashoggi, who was murdered inside the Saudi consulate in Istanbul on October 2, is one of a total of 77 journalists and media workers who have been killed worldwide since the start of this year. Ninety percent of crimes of violence against journalists go unpunished.

“Jamal Khashoggi’s barbaric murder shows that there are no longer any limits to the deliberate elimination of journalists,” Deloire told the journalists gathered with him on Place de Varsovie.

“A powerful gesture was needed to protest against this unbearable situation, and the one we chose was to extinguish the lights of one of the world’s most emblematic monuments. By plunging the Eiffel Tower into blackness, the color of mourning, we pay tribute to our murdered colleagues, while the lights coming back on tells those who kill journalists that justice must sooner or later be rendered.”

Deloire was accompanied by Fabiola Badawi, a former colleague of Khashoggi’s, and by Andrew Caruana Galizia, the son of Daphne Caruana Galizia, the Maltese journalist who was killed on October 16, 2017 by a bomb placed under her car.

He was also accompanied by Christophe Boisbouvier, a Radio France Internationale journalist representing the Association of Friends of Ghislaine Dupont and Claude Verlon, the two Radio France Internationale journalists who were murdered in Mali exactly five years ago, on November 2, 2013.

After the Eiffel Tower’s lights were turned back on, those participating in the tribute brandished posters with the portraits of Khashoggi, Caruana Galizia, Dupont and Verlon, with the hashtag #NoImpunity.

 

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Defense Committee, The Ancon Farmers Market

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MA
The Farmers Market is not only essential to the poor from the nearby barrios being able to feed themselves. Nor is it just a hip place for foreigners to get a flavor of Panama. It’s also a bastion of small-time capitalism, where mini-super owners stock their stores with groceries without paying a wholesaler’s cut, where farmers cut out of the “globalized economy” can still hold out and stay in business. Archive photo by Eric Jackson.

The Ancon Farmers Market

by the Comite de Defensa para la Continuidad de la Operacion del Mercado de Abastos

Seven years ago there was the intention to move the Farmers Market (Mercado de Abastos), due to the need to build a Metro station – and other awkward and improper excuses.

Given the location of the new facilities, access will be impossible for the poor customers in Curundu, San Miguel, Santa Ana and other areas. The increased rent for the new facilities, would be transferred to the users, which would increase the cost of living, something critical due to the economic conditions that the country is experiencing.

The demolition of the existing infrastructures, valued at many millions of dollars, would constitute a property loss of all the investments. We have already lived through experiences of questionable demolitions, like the one of the former US Embassy in on Avenida Balboa and of the uilding of what was the Ministry of Health, where later the Ministry of Economy and Finance operated.

The deteriorated conditions of the existing facilities have been the product of total neglect by the mayor’s office, of the state of the streets, sanitary facilities, refrigeration equipment, etc. What is appropriate is that in the same place where the current facilities are, parking structures, new multi-story buildings, including elevator and refrigeration should be built. The best location is the existing one. Let’s not continue the campaign promises of the land where the current market is situated, nor of improved farmers market facilities.

To the extent that there are more locations where agricultural products from the Interior can be sold, the agricultural sector will be strengthened. The elimination of the Farmers Market will is a policy stad against the downtrodden agricultural sector.

Enough of this demagoguery and deceit!

 

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Editorial: Connecting to Colombia — old plans and common sense

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solar
An elevated solar highway in China, with photovoltaic bricks covered with transparent concrete. They are working out initial bugs, but make no mistake, this is the transportation and energy policy of a future with solar cars. No matter what greedy energy and construction companies try to sell to Panama.

Do we pierce the Darien Gap? And how?

The government wants to revive that electrical connection with Colombia project, again with a proposed route through Guna Yala, along proposed new roads. The Guna leadership — and people — don’t want that.

Then there is the long-stated goal of a road connection between Panama and Colombia, which cattle ranchers, environmentalists and the indigenous communities in Darien don’t want.

The thinking is so clueless, so stereotypical, so clearly aimed at a mobbed up construction industry. We could have those connections, and a far better energy policy, with some thinking out of their boxes.

First of all, let us not romanticize the Dule culture of the Guna nation. Nor for that matter, the Embera way of life. There are remarkable and wonderful things about both of these original nations, but even if things are much improved between them, they are traditional enemies with different world views. They’re just people with their own ways and histories, and real human concerns that may vary from each other’s and yours and ours.

One of the things they share, however, is a concern about roads bringing in outsiders to grab their land and resources. In Guna Yala they are also careful to limit outside influences that might overwhelm their culture.

The ranchers? The Darien Gap is a forest barrier between cattle diseases that are endemic in Colombia and Panamanian herds that don’t suffer from those maladies.

The environmentalists? Tearing a hole through Panama’s main remaining forest, and then watching the deforestation and social conflicts spread from either side of the highway are scenes that nobody in any of the movements to defend nature want to see. (Astroturf “greenwash” front groups for the developers don’t count as movements.)

So why not make the connection via a series of tunnels, bridges and causeways from Meteti, across the Gulf of San Miguel and just off the Pacific Coast of Darien to Colombia? That is, a route designed to never touch land that somebody can use the road to invade. Better a road connection that’s perhaps set up to add a railroad alongside, and in any case through which power lines might be threaded. Better to have a forward-looking connection designed for the coming age of electric cars, a road paved with photovoltaic bricks to provide the power that might make the electrical connection with Colombia superfluous in the first place.

Yes, there would be the costs — additional for building to avoid an invasion route, offset by the reduced costs of land grabbing and patrolling against the creation of a new smuggling road. Also offset by reduced costs of land acquisition, although one suspects that the bottom line of the current Guna Yala proposal is a presumption that nobody owns lands that are collectively owned so white men can just take them without compensation. There would also be geological and marine environmental issues to address by going offshore. The Blue Apple boys and the land grabbers would probably pay people behind the scenes to emphasize such objections.

Let’s not be stampeded into 2Oth century follies that benefit only a few construction, energy and banking interests and thus forego development that looks toward Panama’s future in the public interest.

 

Beto

Bear in mind

 

It is easier to start a war than to end it.
Gabriel García Márquez

 

The people of the United States will do anything for Latin America, except read about it.
James Reston

 

Imagine, there is almost no possibility for a foreign language film to be distributed in America right now. That doesn’t just make the industry poorer, it makes the landscape of cinema poorer, in America. The impossibility to get a good release on a really good European, Latin American, Asian movie is a tragedy.
Guillermo del Toro

 

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Blandón and Méndez get past their primaries

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Blandón
Panama City Mayor José Isabel Blandón Figueroa celebrates his primary victory with other Panameñistas. He got some 56% of the primary vote.

Blandón and Méndez secure their spots
on a crowded 2019 presidential ballot

note and captions by Eric Jackson, photos from the candidates’ Twitter feeds

The two primaries held on October 28 turned out more or less as expected. Saúl Méndez, leader of the SUNTRACS construction workers’ union, swept the presidential primary of the leftist Frente Amplio por la Democracia (Broad Front for Democracy, or FAD). Panama City Mayor José Isabel Blandón was slightly less of a consensus candidate but still beat his closest opponent by nearly 20 points.

Blandón now heads a major party ticket, but it’s the party of President Varela and Panamanian voters have this notorious habit of throwing any party that holds the presidency out of office in the next election. FAD is a minor party, but unlike the other small parties stands for certain things other than making deals to get government jobs and contracts for their members. The last time around FAD didn’t get enough votes to maintain its ballot status but this time there is not as big of a split on the left and the charismatic Méndez will look to grow the party into a force with which to be reckoned.

The Panameñistas chose candidates for other offices along with their presidential nominee, while FAD leaders will have a convention to do that at a later date.

All the results are yet to come in, but the Panameñistas have chosen legislator Adolfo “Beby” Valderrama as their candidate for mayor in the capital. They also resoundingly retired their scandal-tainted incumbent deputy from La Chorrrera, Gabriel “Panky” Soto, by a nearly 2-1 margin. There is going to be a crowded race for Panama City mayor. Valderrama will have to overcome a stigma that has so tainted the entire National Assembly that many voters are vowing not to vote for any of its members, no matter which post they seek.
 

Saúl
Saúl Méndez poses with his family before setting out to vote. He was FAD’s 92% consensus choice. A Colon native, he and his party will do well to get someone elected from that city. In 2014 intra-left faction fighting meant that the city’s leftist voters didn’t send anyone to the legislature, although there were enough of them to do so if they had joined forces. Méndez is of the breed of working class intellectuals, working his way through law school on construction jobs and as a labor leader.

 

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CEPR, Bolsonaro turns Brazil to the ultra-right

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bolsonaro
Jair Bolsonaro praises former dictatorship, talks of purging left-wing opponents. Photo by Jeso Carneiro.

Brazilian democracy in crisis
after Bolsonaro’s election

by the Center for Economic and Policy Research – CEPR

The election of far-right extremist Jair Bolsonaro to Brazil’s presidency throws Brazil’s democracy into “crisis,” Center for Economic and Policy Research Co-Director Mark Weisbrot warned tonight, following news of the election results. Bolsonaro’s rapid ascent from perennial and provocative fringe politician to presidential front-runner shocked observers and commentators in Brazil and internationally. There is much evidence his candidacy was aided by a massive, probably illegal, disinformation campaign against his opponents.

“This is a dark day for Brazil; Brazilian democracy is now in complete crisis,” Weisbrot said. “The international community must help preserve Brazil’s democratic institutions and stand up for the rights of its citizens by letting Bolsonaro know that there will be consequences if he follows through on his dangerous and hateful rhetoric.”

Bolsonaro has a long history of making statements praising Brazil’s dictatorship and disparaging its democratic institutions — notably when, in a TV interview, he said that voting “doesn’t change anything.” Rather, he said, Brazil would need a “civil war” killing 30,000 people. He’s also expressed admiration for Chile’s infamous dictator August Pinochet, saying Pinochet “should have killed more.”

In recent days, Bolsonaro has again raised alarm by talking of jailing or forcing into exile members of the main opposition Workers’ Party in “a cleanup the likes of which has never been seen in Brazilian history.” He also vowed that members of the Landless Workers’ Movement (MST) would be designated as “terrorists.” MST-affiliated schools and other institutions have been raided by police in recent years, and MST leaders murdered.

Bolsonaro is infamous for misogynistic and homophobic statements. He has also made a number of racist remarks in the past, infamously saying that descendants of Brazilian slaves “don’t do anything,” and, “I don’t think they’re even good for procreation anymore.” He’s chillingly told a campaign rally: “Let’s make Brazil for the majorities. Minorities have to bow to the majorities. Minorities will fit or just disappear!” He’s also warned that “Not one centimeter will be demarcated for indigenous reserves or quilombolas [descendants of escaped slaves living on lands claimed by their ancestors]” were he to become president, leading to concern that Indigenous rights — including to ancestral lands coveted by mining and other business interests — may be trampled under a Bolsonaro administration.

Bolsonaro has signaled that he would support business interests over environmental concerns, and has spoken of withdrawing Brazil from the Paris Climate Accord, raising alarm among environmentalists and in the scientific community who have voiced concern over the likelihood of increased deforestation of the Amazon rainforest. Brazil has for years been one of the world’s most dangerous countries for environmental defenders, and the Bolsonaro presidency could make their situation more dire.

“Governments around the world must make Bolsonaro understand that there will be a strong reaction against antidemocratic actions or rights abuses on his watch,” Weisbrot said. “While he may have been elected democratically, there are tens of millions of Brazilians who voted against him. The international community must help to safeguard the rights of Brazil’s most vulnerable.”

Just before the October 28 vote, 18 members of Congress wrote to Secretary of State Mike Pompeo urging the State Department “to take a strong stand in opposition to such backsliding; leaving clear that US assistance and cooperation with Brazil is contingent on the upholding of basic human rights and democratic values by its leaders.”

Weisbrot noted that Bolsonaro’s rise was abetted by years of politicized attacks against the left-leaning Worker’s Party, led by hard right actors in the media, the judiciary, and Brazil’s Congress.

Many observers cast doubt on the legitimacy of the election after former president Lula da Silva was barred from running in contravention of the UN Human Rights Committee, and Lula had very restricted access to the media. The contested jailing of Lula, who was sentenced to 12 years on unsubstantiated charges, created a political vacuum which Bolsonaro was able to fill.

“By preventing former president Lula da Silva, Brazil’s most popular politician, from running in this election, the country’s right-wing elites subverted democracy and paved the way for a dangerous fascist to take power,” Weisbrot said.

 

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SPECIAL EDITORIAL: Racist violence in the USA

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the victims
“Whites don’t shoot whites,” the gunman who killed Maurice Stallard and Vickie Jones said. Oh. That must make it OK. At least, not something that merits the president’s attention and concern.

Fascism comes front and center
as the US midterms approach

On the afternoon of Wednesday, October 24, a white man carrying a gun tried to force his way into a predominantly black church in Jeffersontown, Kentucky. Finding himself locked out, he continued his hunt at a nearby supermarket. There he shot and killed Maurice Stallard, execution-style, in front of Stallard’s 12-year-old grandson. (By the ways of hack journalism, the boy was “unharmed,” or if it was not so crudely misrepresented in any case he was not mentioned as a casualty.) The gunman continued his hunt in the store and bagged Vickie Jones. Neither of the people slain were known to the killer, who lived a half-hour or so away. On his way out of the store another white man pulled his gun and pointed it at the murderer. The killer reassured the man attempting to make the citizen’s arrest: “Don’t shoot me. I won’t shoot you. Whites don’t shoot whites.”

Local police and public officials hesitated to call it a hate crime. Nobody from the White House, nor Senator Mitch McConnell’s office — it is the majority leader’s state — nor the National Rifle Association offered “thoughts and prayers.”

In any case the story got buried in the news cycle because the alt-right’s — and Donald Trump’s — most reviled stereotpical ‘evil Jew,’ George Soros, had received a letter bomb. It was the first of more than a dozen, sent to Democratic politicians, former public officials, private citizens who are outspoken critics of Donald Trump, and to CNN in New York. Packages of potentially deadly hate to the president’s enemies list.

There ensued a Nazi-style big lie campaign — and equal opportunity one that let Jewish fascists like Pamela Geller chime in with an accusation that ISIS or one of its supporters must have done it. The Donald Trump talking points, blasted all over the social media and from presidential podiums, was that it was a “false flag” operation mounted by desperate Democrats ahead of the November 6 election.

Turned out that the MAGABomber was a petty criminal and devout Trump worshipper, a ruined former middle class bodybuilder and pizza delivery guy. (You might think that against a backdrop of decades of “War on Drugs” propaganda, the guy’s occupations and his photos, someone would have asked the steroids question. Then, in addition to the lone nut backup story, they might plead for rehab rather than prison, as in it being an unfortunate roid rage case.) The accused has his presumption of innocence, but reports are that the FBI has fingerprint and DNA evidence that nails him. Certainly his Twitter feed was a steady stream of ultra-right-wing hatred. Apparently they busted him before he could get down his list to Michael Moore and Shaun King.

Not a syllable of apology from the president or any of his followers for the bogus allegations against the victims of these crimes in particular or against Democrats and the press in general. In fact that same night Trump was on the stump spewing more hatred against CNN et al. Trolls came onto the page that is the Facebook extension of The Panama News to in effect argue that the people who were sent letter bombs deserved it.

Whew! With that over…. But it wasn’t over. A 46-year-old white man with an AK-47 assault rifle and some pistols, yelling things about killing all the Jews, opened fire on the Tree of Life synagogue in Pittsburgh’s Squirrel Hill neighborhood. He killed eight members of the congregation and wounded six others, including four police officers. This time, the vice president offered his prayers but no endorsement of any limits on assault rifles as he spoke at a political rally in Las Vegas. The president blamed it on the victims for not having armed guards at their house of worship.

The perpetrator? Not really a Trump guy, but rather of a farther out breed of Nazi who objects to the president having Jews in his family. But like those in custody for the previous two crimes, a violent fascist.

There is a backdrop to all of this. In Georgia there is a concerted drive by the secretary of state, who is also the GOP candidate for governor, to use every illegal, arguably illegal and unfortunately legal means to keep black people from voting. Black senior citizens pulled off of a bus taking them to vote, but county officials who claim the right to control these citizens’ movements. Online voter registration curtailed. Applications for absentee ballots “lost.” Voter registrations “delayed in processing.” It was for things like this that putting Brett Kavanaugh on the Supreme Court was so urgent for the Republicans.

In North Dakota, the Republicans defined acceptable identification and a “voting address” to prohibit the franchise for those who live on the state’s five American Indian reservations.

Stuff like that, a favorite being voter roll purges, has been pulled in state after state. It’s almost always done selectively to exclude voting by racial minorities.

Yes, when you turn elections into race wars, other sorts of racial violence tend to go with the turf. When in the courts, in the Senate, during campaign stops, on Fox News and in anonymous social media memes the truth means zero and there are about one-quarter to one-third of the American people who are knowingly willing to live in a world of lies, then the traditional means of discourse and decision get devalued. What gets left is brute force, as the alt-right is demonstrating to the whole world.

They WILL be replaced. Better for America sooner rather than later.

Fascism may not be listed as such, but it’s on the ballot in this year’s midterms.

 

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In North Dakota

Kermit’s Panama street scenes (III)

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1
Government doctors protest for higher wages in Panama City.

Panama street scenes (III)

Photos and text © Kermit Nourse
click here for the entire gallery at higher resolution

 

This project called “Street 2010-2013” represents a period of my photography that I did either for my own publications or for The Panama News. At that time the language of my photography was black and white. Please understand that I never clicked the shutter button without respect or empathy for those I photographed.

Este proyecto, llamado “Street 2010-2013” representa un periodo de mi fotografía que hice para mis propias publicaciones o The Panama News. En ese momento el idioma de mi fotografía era en blanco y negro. Por favor, comprenda que nunca he pulsado el botón del obturador sin respeto ni empatía por aquellos que fotografié.

 

2
A group of people playing dominos in the city of Colon. I counted about 30 men and one woman.

 

3
The people of Colon observing the Good Friday procession.

 

4
Sleeping in the slammer. Colon.

 

5
The men and women of the Colon police force getting ready to do a thankless job. I would like to add at this point since the end of the Noriega regime I have had nothing but respect and admiration for the Panamanian police.

 

6
The Gay/Rainbow parade June, 2012.

 

7
The adjustment. The Gay/Rainbow parade June, 2012.

 

8
Green Light. Christmas shoppers taken through a car window. Panama City.

 

9
A man fishing in Limon Bay, Colon.

 

10
Churchgoers, Colon.

 

11
The pat down, Panama City.

 

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¿Wappin? Claro Oscuro

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phases

Light Dark

Sigrid – Everybody Knows
https://youtu.be/zrV5of2p-oc

Bob Dylan – You’re a Big Girl Now
https://youtu.be/Vj_dLuRTjUQ

Angela Aguilar – La Llorona
https://youtu.be/h5z99EYHY4I

Haydée Milanés & Omara Portuondo – La Soledad
https://youtu.be/BbkVm0ncMh0

Miley Cyrus – Landslide
https://youtu.be/QfXG7pR-24Q

Lana Del Rey – Mariners Apartment Complex
https://youtu.be/1uFv9Ts7Sdw

Stevie Nicks – Rooms On Fire
https://youtu.be/hwnS_cGfaj4

La Tifa – Nuestra Lucha
https://youtu.be/ELoXU63x8m4

Keb’ Mo’ – Put a Woman in Charge
https://youtu.be/FciQeRGYFlw

Rubén Blades – Claro Oscuro
https://youtu.be/WO58ekjvUm4

Smashing Pumpkins – Disarm
https://youtu.be/d1acEVmnVhI

Zahara & Kirk Whalum – Umfazi
https://youtu.be/IWUquIE8CO0

Roger Waters – Live in Denmark 2018
https://youtu.be/a48U-reMnEU

 

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Investigadores observan un novedoso comportamiento de los murciélagos

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bat 1
Uroderma bilobatum muerde un fruto de higuerón. Foto por Merlin Tuttle. Toque aquí para una imagen de alta resolución.

Murciélagos pueden dar a sus
crías un empujón para madurar

por Sonia Tejada – STRI

Las aves aprenden a volar. Los mamíferos bebés pasan de beber leche a comer alimentos sólidos. Los murciélagos bebés, como mamíferos alados, hacen ambas cosas al mismo tiempo durante su transición de bebés a juveniles voladores. Según un nuevo informe de los investigadores del Instituto Smithsonian de Investigaciones Tropicales (STRI) que estudiaron los murciélagos Uroderma bilobatum, las madres empujaban a sus crías con sus antebrazos, tal vez animándolas a volar y a destetar.

De las más de 1300 especies de murciélagos en el mundo, los detalles de este período crítico de transición son solo conocidos por unos pocos. “Nuestro estudio destaca lo poco que aún sabemos sobre las vidas secretas de estas increíbles criaturas, incluso algo tan significativo como la relación entre una madre y su cría”, comentó Jenna Kohles, estudiante de maestría de la Universidad de Konstanz y el Instituto Max Planck para Ornitología con la profesora Dina Dechmann. Kohles realizó su trabajo de campo para este estudio como pasante en STRI cuando aún era estudiante en la Universidad de Clemson.

Los Uroderma bilobatum cortan y pliegan enormes hojas de plantas tropicales, creando carpas como refugios para grupos de dos a 50 individuos. También colonizan las chozas tropicales que los humanos construyen para guarecerse de la lluvia. Sus refugios no solo protegen a los murciélagos reproductores de los elementos, sino que también sirven como centros de información donde estos aprenden de otros murciélagos la ubicación de su comida favorita, los higos maduros.

“Jenna Kohles y su equipo observaron de cerca las colonias de Uroderma bilobatum en la naturaleza y monitorearon los refugios bajo los aleros de más de 30 casas en Gamboa, Panamá, durante casi un año”, comentó su asesora de STRI, científica Rachel Page. “Jenna captó en cámara los nacimientos de murciélagos y, posteriormente, supervisó y cuantificó los cambios en las interacciones entre madres y crías”.

Kohles determinó si los cachorros estaban solos o con su madre, y amamantando o no amamantando, cambiando de una posición a otra, aleteando o descansando. Ella registró interacciones agresivas y otras sociales y observó cuando las madres cuidaban a sus crías. Junto con sus colegas, ella también capturó murciélagos en redes de niebla ​​para registrar su masa, la longitud del antebrazo, el sexo y la ubicación de su guarida para ver si las crías de esta especie crecen tan rápido como las reportadas para otras especies tropicales y para comparar los tiempos de los cambios de tamaño con los cambios de comportamiento.

Los ratones dan a luz a camadas de más de media docena de bebés a la vez, pero los murciélagos suelen dar a luz solo un bebé, porque las madres tienen que soportar todo el peso de estemientras vuelan tanto antes como después de que nazcan.

“Es en el mejor interés de las crías continuar amamantando y ser atendidos por sus madres el mayor tiempo posible. Pero esta es una gran carga para las madres, por lo que las presionan para que se vuelvan independientes. Para muchos mamíferos, esto resulta en un período de conflicto entre madres e hijos, que a menudo incluye agresión. Pero estos murciélagos parecen lograr esta transición sin agresión, y estos empujones con sus antebrazos pueden jugar un papel importante. Es por eso que estábamos entusiasmados con la observación de este nuevo comportamiento”.

“Los murciélagos, los únicos mamíferos voladores, tienen numerosos rasgos únicos de historia de la vida”, comentó Kohles. “Las crías deben crecer rápidamente. Ahora estamos aprendiendo sobre los comportamientos específicos que tanto las crías como las madres usan para lidiar con esta rápida transición. Y son tan únicos como los murciélagos mismos”.

Los brazos de las crías de murciélagos crecieron más rápido que el resto de sus cuerpos. Con estos antebrazos grandes, los cachorros podrían aprender a volar en solo unas pocas noches con la ayuda de sus madres. Aunque Jenna y su equipo solo pudieron observar directamente el comportamiento en su guarida, encontraron pruebas de que las madres recuperaron y llevaron a los cachorros a su guarida mientras aprendían a volar.

“Se sabe muy poco sobre el desarrollo del comportamiento de los murciélagos. “El estudio de Jenna es un paso para llenar un vacío crítico en nuestra comprensión del desarrollo de los murciélagos”, comentó Page.

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Murciélagos Uroderma bilobatum debajo de un alero. Foto por Thomas Hiller.

 

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Murciélagos Uroderma bilobatum debajo de una hoja. Foto por Thomas Hiller.

 

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Retrato: Murciélago Uroderma bilobatum. Foto por Merlin Tuttle.

 

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