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Contraloría, Un problema con la Lotería Nacional de Beneficencia

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LNB scandal
 

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Wineburg, Critical reading — and ignoring — on the Internet

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at the monitor
Kids can be taught to read the web critically (and to stay still long enough to do so!). Photo by Lars Plougmann – Etsy.

To navigate the dangers of the web, you need critical thinking – but also critical ignoring

by Sam Wineburg — Stanford University

The web is a treacherous place.

A website’s author may not be its author. References that confer legitimacy may have little to do with the claims they anchor. Signals of credibility like a dot-org domain can be the artful handiwork of a Washington, DC, public relations maven.

Unless you possess multiple PhDs – in virology, economics and the intricacies of immigration policy – often the wisest thing to do when landing on an unfamiliar site is to ignore it.

Learning to ignore information is not something taught in school. School teaches the opposite: to read a text thoroughly and closely before rendering judgment. Anything short of that is rash.

But on the web, where a witches’ brew of advertisers, lobbyists, conspiracy theorists and foreign governments conspire to hijack attention, the same strategy spells doom. Online, critical ignoring is just as important as critical thinking.

That’s because, like a pinball bouncing from bumper to bumper, our attention careens from notification to text message to the next vibrating thing we must check.

The cost of all this overabundance, as the late Nobel Laureate Herbert Simon observed, is scarcity. A flood of information depletes attention and fractures the ability to concentrate.

Modern society, wrote Simon, faces a challenge: to learn to “allocate attention efficiently among the overabundance of sources that might consume it.”

We’re losing the battle between attention and information.

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It’s possible to learn how to ignore what’s calling to us from the web. Wikimedia image.

‘Glued to the site’

As an applied psychologist, I study how people determine what is true online.

My research team at Stanford University recently tested a national sample of 3,446 high school students on their ability to evaluate digital sources. Armed with a live Internet connection, students examined a website that claims to “disseminate factual reports” on climate science.

Students were asked to judge whether the site was reliable. A screen prompt reminded them that they could search anywhere online to reach their answer.

Instead of leaving the site, the vast majority did exactly what school teaches: They stayed glued to the site – and read. They consulted the “About” page, clicked on technical reports, and examined graphs and charts. Unless they happened to possess a master’s degree in climate science, the site, filled with the trappings of academic research, looked, well, pretty good.

The few students – less than 2% – who learned the site was backed by the fossil fuel industry did so not because they applied critical thinking to its contents. They succeeded because they hopped off the website and consulted the open web. They used the web to read the web.

As a student who searched the internet for the group’s name wrote: “It has ties to large companies that want to purposefully mislead people when it comes to climate change. According to USA Today, Exxon has sponsored this nonprofit to pump out misleading information on climate change.”

Instead of getting tangled up in the site’s reports or suckered into its neutral-sounding language, this student did what professional fact checkers do: She evaluated the site by leaving it. Fact checkers engage in what we call lateral reading, opening up new tabs across the top of their screens to search for information about an organization or individual before diving into a site’s contents.

Only after consulting the open web do they gauge whether expending attention is worth it. They know that the first step in critical thinking is knowing when to deploy it.

A flood of information depletes attention and fractures the ability to concentrate.
Wikimedia graphic.

Critical thinking

The good news is that students can be taught to read the Internet this way.

In an online nutrition course at the University of North Texas, we embedded short instructional videos that demonstrated the dangers of dwelling on an unknown site and taught students how to evaluate it.

At the beginning of the course, students were duped by features that are ludicrously easy to game: a site’s “look,” the presence of links to established sources, strings of scientific references or the sheer quantity of information a site provides.

On the test we gave at the beginning of the semester, only three in 87 students left a site to evaluate it. By the end, over three-quarters did. Other researchers, teaching the same strategies, have found similarly hopeful results.

Learning to resist the lure of dubious information demands more than a new strategy in students’ digital tool box. It requires the humility that comes from facing one’s vulnerability: that despite formidable intellectual powers and critical thinking skills, no one is immune to the slippery ruses plied by today’s digital rogues.

By dwelling on an unfamiliar site, imagining ourselves smart enough to outsmart it, we squander attention and cede control to the site’s designers.

Spending a few moments vetting the site by drawing on the awesome powers of the open web, we regain control and with it our most precious resource: Our attention.

Sam Wineburg, Professor of Education and (by courtesy) History, Stanford University

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

 

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Beluche, El cholo guerrillero

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VL
“Fue atado a la silla, y cubiertos sus ojos con un paño negro. Los soldados de escolta se cuadraron, a cinco pasos de distancia. Se oía el silencio, cuando unas campanas comenzaron a doblar…. Un pañuelo blanco hizo la señal. Una descarga, y tras el humo un hombre herido de muerte inclinó la cabeza sobre el pecho. Hubo un movimiento de flanco; otra descarga; el herido volvió lentamente la cabeza; otra detonación y Victoriano intentó levantarse, abrió los brazos y murió” (Desertores). El general Victoriano Lorenzo, atado a una silla, ante el pelotón de fusilamiento.

Victoriano Lorenzo, el “cholo guerrillero”

por Olmedo Beluche

Gracias a la habilidad literaria de Ramón H. Jurado, unida a la agilidad mecanográfica de su compañera, Jilma Noriega, que nos han legado la novela histórica Desertores, nos llegan a través del tiempo los últimos momentos del hombre que hiciera temblar a la oligarquía panameña, que sacó de las cenizas al ejército liberal diezmado en la batalla del Puente de Calidonia, sobre cuyo cadáver se vendió la patria en 1903.

La vida de este general Victoriano Lorenzo, fue tan o más maravillosa que la de aquel otro general, Aureliano Buendía, conocida universalmente gracias a la pluma de Gabriel García Márquez. Ambos pelearon en la misma guerra, la de los Mil Días (1899-1902). Con la diferencia de que nada de lo que se dice del primero es ficción.

Carlos Francisco Changmarín, en El guerrillero transparente, lo retrata:

“El Cholo Victoriano no era un hombre viejo, sino joven; tampoco alto, al contrario, más bien bajo; como son los indios. Tenía la cara dura y afilada; de frente: ojos de tigre, labios gruesos y nariz fina…. en la guerra solía usar un sombrero blanco y alón, con cinta roja; el fusil, a la bandolera, y una espada grandísima para su tamaño. Encaramado así en la curumba de la sierra, era el verdadero tata de toda la gente de la montaña y el llano”.

Los liberales llegaron hasta las puertas de la ciudad de Panamá, en el Puente de Calidonia, el 25 de julio de 1900, fueron sistemáticamente diezmados por la metralla conservadora. Victoriano, previendo la derrota, recogió a sus hombres y emprendió el regreso a las montañas. El 18 de octubre, un batallón de soldados atacó la comunidad de El Cacao, buscando a Victoriano y las armas que se había llevado. Las mujeres fueron violadas, los ranchos y cosechas quemados, las armas desenterradas.

Allí, una asamblea de 500 personas, el 20 de octubre, ante el dantesco espectáculo dejado por las tropas conservadoras decidió que había que ir a la guerra y eligió a Victoriano Lorenzo como su General. “Los hombres levantaban los machetes y le gritaban: – ¡Sí! ¡Guerra! ¡Guerra! ¡Guerra! ¡Guerra! ¡Guerra!”. (Claudio Vásquez Vásquez. Mis memorias sobre el General Victoriano Lorenzo. Relatos de viva voz del Tte. Coronel Juan José Quirós Mendoza 1900-1902).

Había terminado la primera fase de la guerra civil, la que tenía como eje las demandas políticas, y había iniciado la segunda fase de la guerra, cuya demanda central eran las reivindicaciones sociales de los sectores más marginados de la sociedad, los campesinos pobres de origen indio, los cholos. Había terminado la guerra convencional y comenzando la guerra de guerrillas en el Istmo. 

El Teniente Coronel Juan José Quirós, quien fuera secretario personal de Victoriano:

“Nuestro General coclesano no hablaba de principios políticos ni liberales ni conservadores… Es la lucha de los campesinos recluidos en las montañas que sufren la carga de los impuestos (incluyendo diezmos y primicias), la escasez de alimentos y los ultrajes de las autoridades y de arrogantes oficiales militares” (Mis memorias…).

La rima cadenciosa de Changmarín, El cholito que llegaría a general, resume el programa de lucha de Lorenzo:

“Fue la tierra tu bandera, tu grito, la libertad; tu esperanza, la igualdad para la cholada entera”.

El General Lorenzo trasladó sus tropas a Penonomé y estableció su cuartel general en La Negrita. Desde allí se hizo el cerco de Penonomé y se puso en jaque al ejército conservador, y se fue rehaciendo el ejército liberal.

En enero de 1901 se acercaron a La Negrita, dos jefes liberales del Istmo, Manuel Antonio Noriega y Manuel Patiño. Noriega le exigió a Victoriano ser reconocido como máximo Jefe Militar, lo cual fue rechazado. Victoriano lanzó a Noriega la histórica frase:

“Estoy informado y he observado, General Noriega, que usted se está escribiendo cartas con el Prefecto de Coclé en Penonomé. Eso no lo creo correcto porque LA PELEA ES PELEANDO. Si a mí me cogen preso me fusilan y, en cambio, a usted, que es blanco y es amigo del Prefecto, no le pasaría nada. Por tal razón yo no puedo aceptar esta situación”. (Mis memorias…).

Su arrojo e inteligencia militar fue reiteradamente demostrada desde la batalla de la Negra Vieja, hasta el sitio de Penonomé, la toma de Aguadulce, en Chiriquí, etc. Juan J. Quirós Mendoza lo describe:

“Victoriano era extraordinariamente valiente, pero humilde, sencillo, astuto y honrado; de una inteligencia vivaz; sus instrucciones siempre fueron justas… No era un santo ni un criminal: era un hombre… Generalmente permanecía con los hombros encogidos, encapotado, como ese pajarito que hay en nuestros bosques y que llamamos “cocorito”; respetuoso de las demás personas, cortés para saludar, y se desenvolvía con soltura ante sus colegas militares. No era un hombre ilustrado…, pero sabía discernir, leer, escribir y pensar perfectamente bien… Tenía una extraordinaria intuición para calcular las acciones, reacciones y decisiones de las demás personas… Era un buen director de grupo…”.

En agosto de 1901, mandó llamar a su amigo Belisario Porras, a quien reconoció como Jefe Civil y Militar. Esta fidelidad hacia Porras lo llevó a abandonar al General Domingo Díaz, el 16 de septiembre, pues éste se negó a reconocer la autoridad de Porras. En diciembre apareció Benjamín Herrera con una flotilla, numerosos soldados y buen armamento. Enseguida envió por Victoriano, con el cual se entrevistó en privado y reconoció el rango, pues sabía que la nueva invasión liberal no podría avanzar sin el apoyo del Cholo. Muy distinta fue la actitud de Herrera hacia Porras.

Herrera dedicó el año 1902, a controlar el interior, cuando, esta guerra casi ganada, empezó a ser influenciada por un hecho desconocido para sus actores aquí: la negociación de un tratado para construir el canal por Panamá entre Estados Unidos y Colombia. En Panamá la guerra llegó a su fin mediante un tratado firmado en el acorazado norteamericano Wisconsin, el 21 de noviembre de 1902 (justo dos meses antes de la firma del Tratado Herrán-Hay). Rubricaron por los conservadores Víctor M. Salazar y Alfredo Vásquez Cobos, y por los liberales Lucas Caballero y Eusebio A. Morales.

El Tratado del Wisconsin, además de la deposición de las armas de los sublevados y las garantías para sus vidas, el artículo 7, señalaba la elección democrática de un Congreso, cuyo primer objetivo sería aprobar “Las negociaciones relativas al Canal de Panamá”.

Se rumoró la existencia de cláusulas secretas del tratado, entre las que estaba la entrega, arresto y fusilamiento de Victoriano Lorenzo asumiendo como excusa al artículo 2, que la amnistía no ampararía a los que no se acogen al tratado y entreguen sus armas, ni impediría juicios por “delitos comunes” de los que se acusaba al Cholo Guerrillero.

A los pocos días se acusó a Victoriano de desconocer el tratado. Benjamín Herrera comisionó a Eusebio A. Morales para traer retenido a Lorenzo. Algunos liberales, encabezados por Buenaventura Correoso, hicieron infructuosas gestiones en pro de la libertad del General Lorenzo.

“El 14 de mayo (1903), a las dos de la tarde se instaló el Consejo de Guerra, presidido por Esteban Huertas.… Así, esa noche, el Consejo lo encontró culpable de los crímenes del “Panteón de Santa Fe”, de “Río del Caño”, “Chigoré”, “San Agatón”, “La Pintada” y “La Vaquilla”, condenándolo a la pena de muerte”. (Desertores).

Al día siguiente, casi a las cinco de la tarde se leía en voz alta: “Victoriano Lorenzo, natural de Penonomé, y vecino de Panamá, va a ser fusilado por varios crímenes. Si alguno levantase la voz pidiendo gracia o de alguna otra manera tratase de impedir la ejecución, será castigado con arreglo a las leyes” (Desertores)

A Victoriano no lo asesinaron “los colombianos”, como falsamente dicen los amanuenses de la burguesía panameña. Lo fusiló la más rancia oligarquía panameña que sentía por El Cholo un profundo odio de clase y de raza, a la vez que les infundía un hondo temor, porque fue el “indio” que se atrevió a rebelarse y los hizo comer suela de zapato en Penonomé.

Esos que hoy llaman “próceres de 1903”, que traicionaron a Colombia y vendieron el istmo de Panamá a los Estados Unidos pocos meses después, el 15 de mayo se mostraron repugnantemente groseros ante un hombre atado que era puesto ante el paredón. Así nos lo cuenta el escritor Rafael Ruiloba:

“Desde Bogotá llegó un telegrama del gobierno conservador donde se ordenaba que Victoriano Lorenzo no fuera fusilado. Pero la oligarquía panameña aceleró el fusilamiento.

Como en la mañana había pueblo protestando, al mediodía vino la turba conservadora agitada por Francisco de La Ossa, cuñado de Manuel Amador Guerrero, quien llamaba a los Chanis, a los De la Guardia, a los Arias, a los Arosemena, a los Díaz, a los de Obaldía, Boyd, Lefevre, etc., para que llevaran su gente a neutralizar las protestas por el fusilamiento. Este grupo fue denunciado en 1904 por Belisario Porras, como la camándula de la traición. De La Ossa según la testigo “subía y bajaba Las Bóvedas gritando: Vengan a ver morir a un perro”.

Entre las 9 y las 11 de la noche tocaron corneta para que todo el mundo cerrara las puertas y no vieran dónde iba el cholo. El lugar exacto donde lo enterraron nadie lo conoce pero fue allí en el cementerio Amador” (El doble fusilamiento del general Victoriano Lorenzo).

A su cadáver se le negó el ataúd traído por correligionarios, fue llevado en carreta al cementerio. Buscando borrar su recuerdo, los oligarcas mandaron cambiar sus despojos de sitio. Seis meses después se separó a Panamá de Colombia y se impuso el Tratado Hay-Bunau Varilla.

Cantemos con Changmarín:

“Victoriano combatiente, /tu muerte el yanqui exigió; / la traición te condenó/ por unas cuantas monedas/ pero tu recuerdo queda…/ El pueblo no te olvidó”.

 

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Bernie: Palestinian lives matter

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Don Bernardo
“If the United States is going to be a credible voice on human rights on the global stage, we must uphold international standards of human rights consistently.” Senator Bernie Sanders. Photo by Gage Skidmore.

Sanders: “Palestinian rights matter. Palestinian lives matter.”

by Kenny Stancil – Common Dreams

Offering further evidence that the rights of Palestinians are receiving more vocal support from US Congress members than at any time in living memory, Senator Bernie Sanders on Friday published an opinion piece in the New York Times demanding a more “even-handed” and morally consistent approach to Israel and Palestine that promotes peace.

Early in his essay, the Independent senator from Vermont posed a question: “Why do we only seem to take notice of the violence in Israel and Palestine when rockets are falling on Israel?”

Whenever this happens, Sanders noted, Democratic and Republican administrations declare, as President Joe Biden did earlier this week, that “Israel has the right to defend itself.”

“Why is the question almost never asked: ‘What are the rights of the Palestinian people?'” Sanders continued.

“Israel has the absolute right to live in peace and security,” the lawmaker wrote, “but so do the Palestinians. I strongly believe that the United States has a major role to play in helping Israelis and Palestinians to build that future.”

“While Hamas firing rockets into Israeli communities is absolutely unacceptable,” Sanders wrote, “today’s conflict did not begin with those rockets.”

The senator proceeded to highlight just some of the recent steps taken by the Israeli government and settlers to violently oppress Palestinians living between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea.

As examples, Sanders cited the forced expulsion of Palestinian families living in the Sheikh Jarrah neighborhood of East Jerusalem and elsewhere in the occupied West Bank as well as the ongoing blockade on Gaza that “makes life increasingly intolerable for Palestinians.”

In addition, Sanders denounced Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s efforts to “marginalize and demonize Palestinian citizens of Israel, pursue settlement policies designed to foreclose the possibility of a two-state solution, and pass laws that entrench systemic inequality between Jewish and Palestinian citizens of Israel.”

Sanders emphasized that “in the Middle East, where we provide nearly $4 billion a year in aid to Israel, we can no longer be apologists for the right-wing Netanyahu government and its undemocratic and racist behavior.”

“We must change course and adopt an even-handed approach, one that upholds and strengthens international law regarding the protection of civilians, as well as existing US law holding that the provision of US military aid must not enable human rights abuses,” wrote the senator.

“If the United States is going to be a credible voice on human rights on the global stage,” he added, “we must uphold international standards of human rights consistently, even when it’s politically difficult. We must recognize that Palestinian rights matter. Palestinian lives matter.”

 

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¿Wappin? We’re also a Caribbean country / También somos un país caribeño

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One, two, three, four, Colon man a-come
Wid him brass chain a-lick him belly pam pam pam.
Ask him what the time is him look upon the sun
Colon Man, a Jamaican folk song about the man returning, without much to show, from construction work in Panama. As in he ostentatiously wears this watch chain, but didn’t actually make enough to have a watch. This version by Taj Mahal.

Shared roots / Raíces compartidas

Boney M. – Rivers of Babylon
https://youtu.be/l3QxT-w3WMo

Black Stalin – Sufferers
https://youtu.be/7suUKcjnRk4

Kafu Banton – Cuando se viene de abajo
https://youtu.be/o6VGdIU8FfI

Cultura Profética – La Complicidad
https://youtu.be/Fjg3n5nt550

Mad Professor & Aisha – Jah Protect I
https://youtu.be/HjQn0hjudfo

Yomira John – Bullerengue
https://youtu.be/qmsPX85h0fs

Lord Kitchener – Love in the Cemetery
https://youtu.be/B_aSemA6Mks

Celia Cruz – Rie y Llora
https://youtu.be/83S-KtvGM2M

Terri Lyons – Obeah
https://youtu.be/kMv5egdEthQ

Burning Spear – Man in the Hills
https://youtu.be/HjQn0hjudfo

Hermanos Duncan – Sin Embargo
https://youtu.be/M9G0JGXw_eU

Monchy & Alexandra – Dos Locos
https://youtu.be/0m5SXO8qK78

Lord Cobra – Crook Salesman
https://youtu.be/kEmeSBAtIuw

Burning Spear – Man in the Hills
https://youtu.be/2RrXgpbzgEo

Séptima Raíz – De frente con Jah
https://youtu.be/qfEZeC77mcI

 

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Kermit’s birds / Las aves de Kermit

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hummingbird
Garden Emerald / Chlorostilbon assimilis / Esmeralda de Panamá o Esmeralda Jardín.
Encontrado en Gamboa, Colón, Panamá. ©Kermit Nourse.

Garden Emerald ~ Esmeralda Jardín

foto por Kermit Nourse

The Garden Emerald has a limited range between Panama and Costa Rica. This one is a female, the male is all green. It’s a lowlands and foothills bird found in gardens, on cleared lands and along forest edges. On the Pacific Side it ranges from Chiriqui to the western part of Darien, on the Atlantic Side in Bocas del Toro and in the Panama Canal area. It is found on many of the islands and islets of the Pacific, including Coiba, the Perlas Archipelago and Taboba. It will go up a tree that’s in bloom to feed, but its preference is the low-lying flowers.

 

La Esmeralda Jardín tiene un rango limitado entre Panamá y Costa Rica. Esta es una hembra, el macho es todo verde. Es un ave de tierras bajas y estribaciones que se encuentra en jardines, en terrenos despejados y a lo largo de los bordes de los bosques. En el lado Pacífico se extiende desde Chiriquí hasta la parte occidental de Darién, en el lado Atlántico en Bocas del Toro y en el área del Canal de Panamá. Se encuentra en muchas de las islas e islotes del Pacífico, incluyendo Coiba, el Archipiélago de Perlas y Taboba. Subirá a un árbol en flor para alimentarse, pero prefiere las flores bajas.

 

 

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Panamá se alía con Israel en contra de la opinión mundial

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them
Mike Harari, un oficial de alto rango del Mossad de Israel, organizó y dirigió el escuadrón de la muerte de facto de Manuel Antonio Noriega, la Unidad Especial de Servicio Antiterrorista (UESAT), es el hombre de las gafas de sol detrás del ex dictador. Harari se escapó de Panamá justo antes de la invasión estadounidense, pero la UESAT mató a dos estadounidenses, presuntamente agentes de inteligencia, durante ese episodio. Foto de las Fuerzas de Defensa de Panamá.

Es una historia larga, pero de inmediato, Cortizo dejó que los israelíes la publicar

  

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La empresa israelí NSO, ahora controlada por un fondo de capital privado estadounidense, proporcionó a Martinelli el equipo y los programas aún desaparecidos para el espionaje electrónico por el que el expresidente será juzgado. Gráfico de The Citizen Lab / Universidad de Toronto.

 

Ex oficiales de la policía israelí de ocupación Shin Bet entrenan a los guardias presidenciales de SPI en el racismo durante la administración Martinelli. Foto de la Presidencia.

 

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Keller, Netanyahu’s storm

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Gaza
Israeli bombardment of Gaza.

The storm that Netanyahu unleashed

by Adam Keller — Gush Shalom

May 12, 2021 – 10 p.m. Israeli Time — Yesterday morning (Tuesday) we woke up with the news of twenty one Palestinians killed in Gaza, nine of them minors, and two Israeli women killed in Ashkelon (one of them; it later turned out, was a migrant worker from India, and since then, the death toll on both sides more than doubled). Then came the email which I was expecting. Noa Levy of Hadash sent out an urgent call for emergency protests in Tel Aviv and Jerusalem, A second message, from the Forum of Israeli and Palestinian Bereaved Families and Combatants for Peace, endorsed the Hadash call and added a Haifa protest venue initiated by the Haifa Women for Women Center. “The government is playing with fire — all of us get burned! In a desperate attempt to cling to power, Netanyahu is dragging us into war, into killing and suffering and pain for both peoples. Stop the escalation! Cease the fire! Stop the expulsion of families from Sheikh Jarrah, stop the police rampage in East Jerusalem. There can be no peace and no quiet as long as the West Bank lives under occupation and Gaza suffers a suffocating siege. The solution: an end to the occupation, an end to the siege of Gaza, and the establishment of a Palestinian state alongside Israel, with East Jerusalem as its capital. We all deserve to live in freedom and security. The time to act is now!”

And so, there were several hours of frantic work at the computer and phone, spreading the message by Facebook and WhatsApp to all who waited for such a call on such a day. And then taking the bus to Tel Aviv. The Kugel Boulevard, main Holon thoroughfare on which all buses to Tel Aviv travel, had its completely normal daily bustle. On King George Street in Tel Aviv there were already several hundred people gathered outside the Likud Party headquarters. Among them familiar faces, the determined minority of Israelis who always show up on such days, as in 2014 and 2009.. “Stop the fire, stop the bloodshed!” chanted several hundred throats. And “On both sides of the border / Children want to live!” and “Sheikh Jarrah, don’t despair / We will end the occupation yet!” and also “Gaza, Gaza, don’t despair / We will end the siege yet!” and “Netanyahu, Netanyahu / The Dock at the Hague waits for you!”

Dispersal, and a vague feeling of frustration. But what more could we have done? Perhaps we would have felt more satisfied to be violently dispersed and spend the night in detention – but here, unlike other locations, the police did not interfere with the demonstration. There were only two bored police officers watching from the side. Our favorite vegan eatery was nearby, so we went in. Everything was just like any other evening out in downtown Tel Aviv, it felt a bit strange to have life as usual while terrible things happen elsewhere.

The air raid alarms wailed just after we paid our bill and started walking. We went into a nearby big pharmacy. The pharmacy staff were quietly efficient — “Over here, turn left, the basement stairs are there”. About a hundred people – staff and clients and everyone who happened to be on the street — crowded in. Even in the basement, we could clearly hear the explosions in the sky. “Are these the missiles themselves, or the interceptors?” wondered an old woman. Another old woman said “Don’t worry, dear, if this goes on we will all learn to know which is which.”

After a quarter of an hour we thought it was over and everybody emerged and started again down the street – and then the air raid siren sounded again. This time we went into the basement of a private house with very friendly young people who offered to let us stay the night. “You can stay here, no need to risk going out again, we have spare beds.”

I must say that up to that point it still felt like a bit of a game. I realize now that we shared the arrogant illusion of most Israelis that the Iron Dome missiles were giving us virtually complete protection. But as we were huddling in the second basement of the evening, the phone rang: “Are you OK? Good to hear your voice, I heard of the burned bus in Holon, I was so worried!” “I am in Tel Aviv, what bus is that?” A quick look at the news websites showed the Kugel Boulevard where we had passed just three hours before. It was a war zone, flames and scattered debris everywhere, and the skeleton of a completely burned bus in the middle. It was reported that the driver heard the alarm, stopped the bus and told everybody to run just a minute before the bus was hit.

Perhaps we should have taken the young people’s offer and stayed the night with them. Getting back home was a long and weary experience. The main roads were blocked by the police, and we saw ambulances and fire trucks rushing forward. The bus from Tel Aviv let us off a long way from home and there were no taxis to be had in the whole of Holon, so there was a very long and weary trudging through dark empty streets. At home I had a WhatsApp exchange with an old friend. “Stay alert, this night is not yet over” she wrote. “The government is sure to order a strong retaliation for this attack on Tel Aviv, and the Palestinians will want to retaliate for the retaliation.” She was completely right. After 3:00 p.m. there was a very long series of alarms, one after the other. The explosions were more vague and seemed a long distance off. This time they were aiming at the Ben Gurion Airport.

One of the missiles had fallen on a hut in Lod (Lydda), and killed a fifty year old man and his teen daughter. It later turned out that they were Arabs, that they had lived in an “unrecognized” neighborhood where no building permits are issued, and that this prevented them from building a more solid structure which could have saved their lives.

And so here we are, with the conflict escalating and the death toll rising ever more steeply. And I should recapitulate, at least briefly, how we got to this.

Last Friday — just five days ago, though it seems like an eternity — public attention in Israel was totally riveted to the complicated dance of party politics. Prime Minister Netanyahu, facing three serious corruption charges at the Jerusalem District Court, had just failed in his efforts to form a new cabinet. The mandate passed to the oppositional “Block of Change”, whose leaders embarked on delicate negotiations aimed at forming a very heterogeneous government coalition comprising right-wing. left-wing and center parties, which have virtually nothing in common except the wish to see the last of Netanyahu. We had very mixed feelings about it, especially since the intended new Prime Minister Naftali Bennet is, if anything, more right-wing than Netanyahu. Still, the new government would have very strong mechanisms of “mutual veto” in place that would prevent Bennet from doing too much harm — though the same would also prevent the new government from doing much good, either. And this government would be the very first in Israeli history to rely on an Arab party for its parliamentary majority (other than the Rabin Government in 1995, whose tenure was cut short by the PM being assassinated).

Anyway, there were very concrete plans to have the new cabinet ready for parliamentary approval by Tuesday, May 11 (yesterday). The anti-corruption demonstrators who have been demonstrating every week outside the Prime Minister’s residence were joking about when the movers will arrive to take away the Netanyahu family furniture. But Netanyahu had other irons in the fire.

First, there was the planned expulsion of hundreds of Palestinians from their homes in the Sheikh Jarach neighborhood of East Jerusalem. Dozens of them were due to be expelled within days and extreme right settlers were going to enter into their vacated homes. Protests in Sheikh Jarach and elsewhere in East Jerusalem met brutal police repression. Then, protests spread to the Haram A Sharif (Temple Mount) compound, and so did the police repression. Police started to shoot “rubber” bullets directly into demonstrators’ faces, causing them to lose eyes – at least two of them losing both eyes and becoming blind for the rest of their lives. Footage of the police breaking into the Al-Aqsa Mosque, Islam’s third holiest site and a place considered even by secular Palestinians as a major part of their national heritage, spread widely through the social networks, escalating the protests. And then there was the plan to have thousands of radical young settlers hold the provocative “Dance of the Flags” right through the Damascus Gate and the Muslim Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem, chanting their habitual racist slogans. The police and government reiterated hour after hour that the “Dance of the Flags” would take place as scheduled. And it was then that Hamas in Gaza threatened to retaliate for the attack on the Palestinians of Jerusalem, and the government declared that it would not bend to “the ultimatums of terrorists”. And at the very last moment the “Dance” was cancelled — but it was too late. At 6.00 PM the salvo of seven Hamas rockets at the outskirts of Jerusalem — which in fact caused no casualties or damage, but which precipitated the Israeli deadly retaliation on Gaza.

And now, a bit more than 48 hours later, here we are, in the midst of an escalating war, the Israeli Air Force destroying high rise buildings in Gaza and proudly announcing the “elimination” of senior Hamas activists — but unable to hinder the Palestinians’ ability to go on shooting rockets. And relations between Jews and Arabs, fellow citizens of Israel, have descended to unprecedented depths of inter-communal violence. In Lod, the police declared a night curfew “to stop the rampaging Arabs” but Arab inhabitants refuse to abide and are involved in violent confrontations with police around a local mosque. And in Bat Yam and Tiberias, mobs of extreme right Jews are assaulting random Arabs and smashing up Arab-owned shops. And repeated again and again in the media is the government’s total refusal to make a ceasefire. “No, no, no ceasefire — we must teach Hamas a lesson!”

Of course no ceasefire. Why should Netanyahu want a ceasefire? Every day in which the shooting continues is one more day of keeping that dreaded movers’ truck away from the Prime Minister’s Residence, one more day of keeping power in his own hands. If there was concrete proof that Netanyahu did it all consciously and deliberately, it would make up criminal charges far more serious than those he is facing at the District Court of Jerusalem. But any such evidence is probably classified Top Secret and would only be published fifty years from now. So, we can’t prove that he did it deliberately, though there can be little doubt about it. We can only end the war and immediately afterwards get rid of him.

Perhaps what is happening now will shake President Biden out of the attitude of keeping a low profile on |Israel and the Palestinians? After all, all this mess had fallen on his desk with quite a loud clatter….

Gush Shalom — the Peace Bloc — is part of the Israeli peace movement. Adam Keller is one of its co-founders. He is the editor of The Other Israel (this link may be blocked at the moment). A corporal in the Israeli Defense Forces reserves as well as a peace activist., in 1968 he served a jail term for refusing to serve in the occupied Palestinian territories.

 

 

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La madera en la Catedral Metropolitana

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STRI 1
Janitce Harwood es estudiante de biología en la Universidad de Panamá. Ha participado en varias capacitaciones, cursos y pasantías de STRI que han perfeccionado sus habilidades en botánica. Los estudios de anatomía de la madera ayudan a informar las decisiones de conservación y restauración de monumentos históricos y pueden proporcionar información previamente desconocida sobre las técnicas artísticas o los materiales utilizados en el pasado. Foto por Jorge Alemán.

Análisis microscópicos de madera revelan la
fuente del retablo de la Catedral Metropolitana

por STRI

La Catedral Basílica Metropolitana Santa María La Antigua en Panamá es un monumento nacional. Posiblemente se remonta a finales del siglo XVIII, ha sobrevivido a incendios y daños por termitas. Para comprender el origen y la historia de las estructuras de madera de la Catedral y contribuir con el conocimiento científico para las decisiones de conservación y restauración, un equipo que incluyó al Instituto Smithsonian de Investigaciones Tropicales (STRI) e instituciones colaboradoras analizó su madera e identificó sus fuentes.

Los tipos de madera no son iguales. Algunas pueden tener una mayor tolerancia a ciertas condiciones ambientales que otras, o diferentes necesidades de mantenimiento y reparación. En el caso del retablo de la Catedral, se cree que todos los registros sobre ésta se perdieron en un incendio, pero se decía que estaba hecha de cedro. Para recuperar parte de la información faltante, el equipo tomó pequeñas muestras de las áreas permitidas por los trabajadores de la restauración y las analizó. No arrojaría luz sobre el año exacto en que fue esculpido, o el artista detrás de la pieza, pero permitiría la identificación de las especies de árboles utilizadas.

Con muestras de astillas bajo el microscopio, la pasante de STRI Janitce Harwood descubrió que el retablo original estaba tallado en caoba (Swietenia Jacq); pero que la restauración se hizo con una especie de cedro local, Cedrela odorata.

“Ambas especies pertenecen a la misma familia, lo que podría causar confusión”, comentó Harwood, estudiante de biología de la Universidad de Panamá, con formación en botánica. “A primera vista, la madera de caoba es rojiza y tiene un aroma agradable; La madera de cedro es de color amarillo a rojizo y sin aromas. Durante el trabajo de restauración, los trabajadores dudaban en usar madera de cedro, pero esa fue la información que compartió la iglesia”.

También examinó astillas de una escultura de madera de San Andrés. Según los feligreses, fue tallada en madera de guayacán (Handroanthus guayacan). Pero los análisis de Harwood confirmaron que, aunque era una especie del género Handroanthus Mattos, sus características anatómicas son muy similares a las del guayacán.

“Janitce es una experta en el uso de detalles microscópicos de la anatomía de la madera para identificar distintas especies de árboles, y los expertos en restauración estuvieron encantados de trabajar con ella para identificar la fuente original de madera”, comentó el coautor William Wcislo, científico senior de STRI y asesor del director quien también participó en la restauración identificando nidos de abejas cubiertos de hoja de oro.

Además de informar las decisiones de conservación y restauración de monumentos históricos, los estudios de anatomía de la madera también pueden proporcionar información previamente desconocida sobre las técnicas artísticas o los materiales utilizados además de brindar pistas sobre los tipos de especies maderables que eran comunes en el pasado.

“Esta es una contribución al conocimiento sobre la Catedral, un monumento histórico nacional que es parte de nuestro patrimonio, y un testimonio de la flora de Panamá y cómo la usaban nuestros antepasados”, comentó Harwood. “Quizás no quedan muchos altares de madera en Panamá. Ahora, la mayoría están construidos con mármol. Este puede ser el primer estudio de este tipo que se realiza en esta parte de América Latina”.

Los miembros del equipo de investigación están afiliados a STRI, la Universidad de Panamá y Conservación y Restauración Dalmática. La investigación fue financiada por STRI y la Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación de Panamá (SENACYT).

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Fachada de la Catedral. Foto por Daniel E. Sánchez Q.

 

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La anatomía de la madera de la escultura de San Andrés corresponde al género Handroanthus, comúnmente conocido como “guayacán”. Foto por Daniel E. Sánchez Q.

 

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Características anatómicas de Swietenia (retablo) bajo el microscopio. Foto por Janitce Harwood.

 

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Características anatómicas de Handroanthus (escultura de
San Andrés) bajo el microscopio. Foto por Janitce Harwood.

 

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Retablo previo a restauración. Foto por Daniel E. Sánchez Q.

 

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Retablo post restauración. Los trabajos de restauración en el retablo de la Catedral se realizaron con una especie de cedro local, Cedrela odorata, pero los análisis de la madera revelaron que la especie originalmente empleada era la caoba. Foto por Daniel E. Sánchez Q.

 

 

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Editorials: Discontent; Depravity; and Deficient defenses

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Aguadulce
Protesters block the highway near Aguadulce. A graphic circulated on Twitter.

The dilemma

Today, it was people who have been cut off of food assistance blocking the Pan-American Highway near Aguadulce. Yesterday, it was onion farmers left out of the crop buyout program blocking the Pan-American Highway near Nata. Tomorrow, most of the Panama Canal unions will be marching to the Presidencia over their grievances.

On Monday, the headline in La Prensa was a nearly $1 billion government deficit for the first three months of this year, with the government payroll up and public investments down. That same day, Fitch updated its ratings for private banks in Panama and all of their prospects were rated negative. On Tuesday, the president of ARAP, the nation’s restaurateurs’ association, told Metro Libre that the sector would not be profitable again until sometime next year. That same day, Telemetro reported a 50% drop in car sales here. Today (Wednesday, May 12), the Colon Free Zone merchants pleaded that many will not stay in business if the rents they pay are not slashed, and President Cortizo told us to stand by for an announcement about “important adjustments.”

Panama has a broken economy that will not mend soon. With only a relatively few exceptions, everybody is hurting. Our government is close to $40 billion in debt

We can all sneer at each other’s grievances while championing our own. That’s what’s in effect urged upon us by all the worst people.

Or, we can pull together as a society to confront an economic crisis that will be with us for some years to come. There is no miracle cure, but enough solidarity to keep Panama and those who live here from falling over the edge will require some sharing of the sacrifices. Easier said than done, but that’s the only way out short of social breakdown.

 

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‘But a sovereign citizen told me it’s legal…’

43-year-old Óscar Martínez Artunduaga, a Panamanian citizen from Potrerillos Abajo in Chiriqui, is being held without bail. He is accused of having, in 2019, purported to buy a 14-year-old girl from her parents, and having kept her as a concubine for nearly two years, until she escaped and told her story to police and prosecutors.

Now it is reported that says that she has recanted, at least in part – her parents didn’t sell her, she went willingly because she loved him, the new version goes. Perhaps it might get the parents off the hook. Regardless, the guy’s facing some very serious time in prison, because no matter how it’s spun, in Panama a 14-year-old can’t legally consent to sex with someone in their 40s.

Let’s give the man the chance to present his defense in court. The intention is not to whip up lynch mob passions. Innocent unless proven guilty is often enough a dodge to shield injustices but it’s still a very good principle for a society to maintain.

The important thing is that word ought to be out and about among expatriates here, and around the world, that Panama, on top of being a jurisdiction where prostitution is legal, tolerates this sort of thing. Panama’s age of consent is misrepresented online, as is our culture. Word is out that not only is this a place to come for cheap labor, but also for the cheap sexual exploitation of kids. It happens often enough.

Prosecutions of those who indulge in such exploitation, citizens or foreigners, happen from time to time but probably only touch a tiny minority of the cases. The rich, the powerful, those with the “right” surnames or political ties, notoriously never see the inside of a prison cell about such crimes. It’s safer to be an Eleta than a Martínez.

Let the word go out, and let reality match the word. Panama is not a place to come buy minors for sexual gratification. You can end up in a very unpleasant prison if you come here and do that. If you are here and you are doing that, leave now while your luck holds out. The chicken hawk, endemic or invasive, is a species that may well be hunted to extinction here with few people getting upset about that.

 

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THAT lame defense again

It’s the old “I was robbing this convenience store and the guy behind the counter pulled out a gun so I had to shoot him in self-defense” plea.

There are many sorts of arguments that should not be heard and the ones Israel is now making are among them. They are in a long-running ethnic cleansing campaign, red meat for Netanyahu’s base but leaving Israel ever more the pariah on the world stage. The trend is for ever more American Jews, once Israel’s strongest base of support, to repudiate Israeli human rights abuses – many of them on the basis of ethics found in the Torah.

More and more, fervent US support for Israel comes from far-right Zionist Christians. Some of these believe in and want a Battle of Armageddon which is fought until the very last Jew is annihilated.

Condemnation of Israeli ethnic cleansing and over-the-top violence when they meet resistance does NOT, however, excuse the dictatorial and ineffective Abbas, nor Hamas, which uses illegal and ineffective rocket attacks. Young Palestinians are rising up on the streets of Jerusalem and around the world in part because they have been abandoned by Palestinian leaders who have long since worn out their welcome and refuse to hold elections because they would be crushed in any fair contest.

If the Holy Land is sliding in to a Third Intifada, there will be abuses but widespread support for the young Palestinians who are rising up. There has been a long train of very egregious abuses, and something has to give.

What’s the path to peace? New Israeli and new Palestinian leaders, hard-line defenders of their respective nations’ interests, realizing that this cycle can’t go on and negotiating a peace consonant with the traditions of international law found in both Judaism and Islam. To feed the stranger. To know and respect the other tribe and live alongside them in peace. To let God decide religious disputes and let law backed by the international community decide property disputes.

 

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Petra Kelly, born to an American father and a German mother, was a co-founder, leader and legislator of the German Green Party. Shall we call her end an American sort of story? She died of a gunshot wound to the head, probably inflicted while she was sleeping, by her older male partner, who then shot himself to death. Photo from her days in the Bundestag by Sven Simon.

 

Peace is not just the absence of mass destruction, but a positive internal and external condition in which people are free so that they can grow to their full potential.

Petra Kelly

 

Bear in mind…

 

Success is liking yourself, liking what you do, and liking how you do it.

Maya Angelou

 

Animals have these advantages over man: they never hear the clock strike, they die without any idea of death, they have no theologians to instruct them, their last moments are not disturbed by unwelcome and unpleasant ceremonies, their funerals cost them nothing, and no one starts lawsuits over their wills.

Voltaire

 

One glance at a book and you hear the voice of another person, perhaps someone dead for 1,000 years. To read is to voyage through time.

Carl Sagan

 

 

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