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¿Wappin? We’re also a Caribbean country / También somos un país caribeño

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One, two, three, four, Colon man a-come
Wid him brass chain a-lick him belly pam pam pam.
Ask him what the time is him look upon the sun
Colon Man, a Jamaican folk song about the man returning, without much to show, from construction work in Panama. As in he ostentatiously wears this watch chain, but didn’t actually make enough to have a watch. This version by Taj Mahal.

Shared roots / Raíces compartidas

Boney M. – Rivers of Babylon
https://youtu.be/l3QxT-w3WMo

Black Stalin – Sufferers
https://youtu.be/7suUKcjnRk4

Kafu Banton – Cuando se viene de abajo
https://youtu.be/o6VGdIU8FfI

Cultura Profética – La Complicidad
https://youtu.be/Fjg3n5nt550

Mad Professor & Aisha – Jah Protect I
https://youtu.be/HjQn0hjudfo

Yomira John – Bullerengue
https://youtu.be/qmsPX85h0fs

Lord Kitchener – Love in the Cemetery
https://youtu.be/B_aSemA6Mks

Celia Cruz – Rie y Llora
https://youtu.be/83S-KtvGM2M

Terri Lyons – Obeah
https://youtu.be/kMv5egdEthQ

Burning Spear – Man in the Hills
https://youtu.be/HjQn0hjudfo

Hermanos Duncan – Sin Embargo
https://youtu.be/M9G0JGXw_eU

Monchy & Alexandra – Dos Locos
https://youtu.be/0m5SXO8qK78

Lord Cobra – Crook Salesman
https://youtu.be/kEmeSBAtIuw

Burning Spear – Man in the Hills
https://youtu.be/2RrXgpbzgEo

Séptima Raíz – De frente con Jah
https://youtu.be/qfEZeC77mcI

 

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Kermit’s birds / Las aves de Kermit

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hummingbird
Garden Emerald / Chlorostilbon assimilis / Esmeralda de Panamá o Esmeralda Jardín.
Encontrado en Gamboa, Colón, Panamá. ©Kermit Nourse.

Garden Emerald ~ Esmeralda Jardín

foto por Kermit Nourse

The Garden Emerald has a limited range between Panama and Costa Rica. This one is a female, the male is all green. It’s a lowlands and foothills bird found in gardens, on cleared lands and along forest edges. On the Pacific Side it ranges from Chiriqui to the western part of Darien, on the Atlantic Side in Bocas del Toro and in the Panama Canal area. It is found on many of the islands and islets of the Pacific, including Coiba, the Perlas Archipelago and Taboba. It will go up a tree that’s in bloom to feed, but its preference is the low-lying flowers.

 

La Esmeralda Jardín tiene un rango limitado entre Panamá y Costa Rica. Esta es una hembra, el macho es todo verde. Es un ave de tierras bajas y estribaciones que se encuentra en jardines, en terrenos despejados y a lo largo de los bordes de los bosques. En el lado Pacífico se extiende desde Chiriquí hasta la parte occidental de Darién, en el lado Atlántico en Bocas del Toro y en el área del Canal de Panamá. Se encuentra en muchas de las islas e islotes del Pacífico, incluyendo Coiba, el Archipiélago de Perlas y Taboba. Subirá a un árbol en flor para alimentarse, pero prefiere las flores bajas.

 

 

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Panamá se alía con Israel en contra de la opinión mundial

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them
Mike Harari, un oficial de alto rango del Mossad de Israel, organizó y dirigió el escuadrón de la muerte de facto de Manuel Antonio Noriega, la Unidad Especial de Servicio Antiterrorista (UESAT), es el hombre de las gafas de sol detrás del ex dictador. Harari se escapó de Panamá justo antes de la invasión estadounidense, pero la UESAT mató a dos estadounidenses, presuntamente agentes de inteligencia, durante ese episodio. Foto de las Fuerzas de Defensa de Panamá.

Es una historia larga, pero de inmediato, Cortizo dejó que los israelíes la publicar

  

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La empresa israelí NSO, ahora controlada por un fondo de capital privado estadounidense, proporcionó a Martinelli el equipo y los programas aún desaparecidos para el espionaje electrónico por el que el expresidente será juzgado. Gráfico de The Citizen Lab / Universidad de Toronto.

 

Ex oficiales de la policía israelí de ocupación Shin Bet entrenan a los guardias presidenciales de SPI en el racismo durante la administración Martinelli. Foto de la Presidencia.

 

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Keller, Netanyahu’s storm

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Gaza
Israeli bombardment of Gaza.

The storm that Netanyahu unleashed

by Adam Keller — Gush Shalom

May 12, 2021 – 10 p.m. Israeli Time — Yesterday morning (Tuesday) we woke up with the news of twenty one Palestinians killed in Gaza, nine of them minors, and two Israeli women killed in Ashkelon (one of them; it later turned out, was a migrant worker from India, and since then, the death toll on both sides more than doubled). Then came the email which I was expecting. Noa Levy of Hadash sent out an urgent call for emergency protests in Tel Aviv and Jerusalem, A second message, from the Forum of Israeli and Palestinian Bereaved Families and Combatants for Peace, endorsed the Hadash call and added a Haifa protest venue initiated by the Haifa Women for Women Center. “The government is playing with fire — all of us get burned! In a desperate attempt to cling to power, Netanyahu is dragging us into war, into killing and suffering and pain for both peoples. Stop the escalation! Cease the fire! Stop the expulsion of families from Sheikh Jarrah, stop the police rampage in East Jerusalem. There can be no peace and no quiet as long as the West Bank lives under occupation and Gaza suffers a suffocating siege. The solution: an end to the occupation, an end to the siege of Gaza, and the establishment of a Palestinian state alongside Israel, with East Jerusalem as its capital. We all deserve to live in freedom and security. The time to act is now!”

And so, there were several hours of frantic work at the computer and phone, spreading the message by Facebook and WhatsApp to all who waited for such a call on such a day. And then taking the bus to Tel Aviv. The Kugel Boulevard, main Holon thoroughfare on which all buses to Tel Aviv travel, had its completely normal daily bustle. On King George Street in Tel Aviv there were already several hundred people gathered outside the Likud Party headquarters. Among them familiar faces, the determined minority of Israelis who always show up on such days, as in 2014 and 2009.. “Stop the fire, stop the bloodshed!” chanted several hundred throats. And “On both sides of the border / Children want to live!” and “Sheikh Jarrah, don’t despair / We will end the occupation yet!” and also “Gaza, Gaza, don’t despair / We will end the siege yet!” and “Netanyahu, Netanyahu / The Dock at the Hague waits for you!”

Dispersal, and a vague feeling of frustration. But what more could we have done? Perhaps we would have felt more satisfied to be violently dispersed and spend the night in detention – but here, unlike other locations, the police did not interfere with the demonstration. There were only two bored police officers watching from the side. Our favorite vegan eatery was nearby, so we went in. Everything was just like any other evening out in downtown Tel Aviv, it felt a bit strange to have life as usual while terrible things happen elsewhere.

The air raid alarms wailed just after we paid our bill and started walking. We went into a nearby big pharmacy. The pharmacy staff were quietly efficient — “Over here, turn left, the basement stairs are there”. About a hundred people – staff and clients and everyone who happened to be on the street — crowded in. Even in the basement, we could clearly hear the explosions in the sky. “Are these the missiles themselves, or the interceptors?” wondered an old woman. Another old woman said “Don’t worry, dear, if this goes on we will all learn to know which is which.”

After a quarter of an hour we thought it was over and everybody emerged and started again down the street – and then the air raid siren sounded again. This time we went into the basement of a private house with very friendly young people who offered to let us stay the night. “You can stay here, no need to risk going out again, we have spare beds.”

I must say that up to that point it still felt like a bit of a game. I realize now that we shared the arrogant illusion of most Israelis that the Iron Dome missiles were giving us virtually complete protection. But as we were huddling in the second basement of the evening, the phone rang: “Are you OK? Good to hear your voice, I heard of the burned bus in Holon, I was so worried!” “I am in Tel Aviv, what bus is that?” A quick look at the news websites showed the Kugel Boulevard where we had passed just three hours before. It was a war zone, flames and scattered debris everywhere, and the skeleton of a completely burned bus in the middle. It was reported that the driver heard the alarm, stopped the bus and told everybody to run just a minute before the bus was hit.

Perhaps we should have taken the young people’s offer and stayed the night with them. Getting back home was a long and weary experience. The main roads were blocked by the police, and we saw ambulances and fire trucks rushing forward. The bus from Tel Aviv let us off a long way from home and there were no taxis to be had in the whole of Holon, so there was a very long and weary trudging through dark empty streets. At home I had a WhatsApp exchange with an old friend. “Stay alert, this night is not yet over” she wrote. “The government is sure to order a strong retaliation for this attack on Tel Aviv, and the Palestinians will want to retaliate for the retaliation.” She was completely right. After 3:00 p.m. there was a very long series of alarms, one after the other. The explosions were more vague and seemed a long distance off. This time they were aiming at the Ben Gurion Airport.

One of the missiles had fallen on a hut in Lod (Lydda), and killed a fifty year old man and his teen daughter. It later turned out that they were Arabs, that they had lived in an “unrecognized” neighborhood where no building permits are issued, and that this prevented them from building a more solid structure which could have saved their lives.

And so here we are, with the conflict escalating and the death toll rising ever more steeply. And I should recapitulate, at least briefly, how we got to this.

Last Friday — just five days ago, though it seems like an eternity — public attention in Israel was totally riveted to the complicated dance of party politics. Prime Minister Netanyahu, facing three serious corruption charges at the Jerusalem District Court, had just failed in his efforts to form a new cabinet. The mandate passed to the oppositional “Block of Change”, whose leaders embarked on delicate negotiations aimed at forming a very heterogeneous government coalition comprising right-wing. left-wing and center parties, which have virtually nothing in common except the wish to see the last of Netanyahu. We had very mixed feelings about it, especially since the intended new Prime Minister Naftali Bennet is, if anything, more right-wing than Netanyahu. Still, the new government would have very strong mechanisms of “mutual veto” in place that would prevent Bennet from doing too much harm — though the same would also prevent the new government from doing much good, either. And this government would be the very first in Israeli history to rely on an Arab party for its parliamentary majority (other than the Rabin Government in 1995, whose tenure was cut short by the PM being assassinated).

Anyway, there were very concrete plans to have the new cabinet ready for parliamentary approval by Tuesday, May 11 (yesterday). The anti-corruption demonstrators who have been demonstrating every week outside the Prime Minister’s residence were joking about when the movers will arrive to take away the Netanyahu family furniture. But Netanyahu had other irons in the fire.

First, there was the planned expulsion of hundreds of Palestinians from their homes in the Sheikh Jarach neighborhood of East Jerusalem. Dozens of them were due to be expelled within days and extreme right settlers were going to enter into their vacated homes. Protests in Sheikh Jarach and elsewhere in East Jerusalem met brutal police repression. Then, protests spread to the Haram A Sharif (Temple Mount) compound, and so did the police repression. Police started to shoot “rubber” bullets directly into demonstrators’ faces, causing them to lose eyes – at least two of them losing both eyes and becoming blind for the rest of their lives. Footage of the police breaking into the Al-Aqsa Mosque, Islam’s third holiest site and a place considered even by secular Palestinians as a major part of their national heritage, spread widely through the social networks, escalating the protests. And then there was the plan to have thousands of radical young settlers hold the provocative “Dance of the Flags” right through the Damascus Gate and the Muslim Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem, chanting their habitual racist slogans. The police and government reiterated hour after hour that the “Dance of the Flags” would take place as scheduled. And it was then that Hamas in Gaza threatened to retaliate for the attack on the Palestinians of Jerusalem, and the government declared that it would not bend to “the ultimatums of terrorists”. And at the very last moment the “Dance” was cancelled — but it was too late. At 6.00 PM the salvo of seven Hamas rockets at the outskirts of Jerusalem — which in fact caused no casualties or damage, but which precipitated the Israeli deadly retaliation on Gaza.

And now, a bit more than 48 hours later, here we are, in the midst of an escalating war, the Israeli Air Force destroying high rise buildings in Gaza and proudly announcing the “elimination” of senior Hamas activists — but unable to hinder the Palestinians’ ability to go on shooting rockets. And relations between Jews and Arabs, fellow citizens of Israel, have descended to unprecedented depths of inter-communal violence. In Lod, the police declared a night curfew “to stop the rampaging Arabs” but Arab inhabitants refuse to abide and are involved in violent confrontations with police around a local mosque. And in Bat Yam and Tiberias, mobs of extreme right Jews are assaulting random Arabs and smashing up Arab-owned shops. And repeated again and again in the media is the government’s total refusal to make a ceasefire. “No, no, no ceasefire — we must teach Hamas a lesson!”

Of course no ceasefire. Why should Netanyahu want a ceasefire? Every day in which the shooting continues is one more day of keeping that dreaded movers’ truck away from the Prime Minister’s Residence, one more day of keeping power in his own hands. If there was concrete proof that Netanyahu did it all consciously and deliberately, it would make up criminal charges far more serious than those he is facing at the District Court of Jerusalem. But any such evidence is probably classified Top Secret and would only be published fifty years from now. So, we can’t prove that he did it deliberately, though there can be little doubt about it. We can only end the war and immediately afterwards get rid of him.

Perhaps what is happening now will shake President Biden out of the attitude of keeping a low profile on |Israel and the Palestinians? After all, all this mess had fallen on his desk with quite a loud clatter….

Gush Shalom — the Peace Bloc — is part of the Israeli peace movement. Adam Keller is one of its co-founders. He is the editor of The Other Israel (this link may be blocked at the moment). A corporal in the Israeli Defense Forces reserves as well as a peace activist., in 1968 he served a jail term for refusing to serve in the occupied Palestinian territories.

 

 

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La madera en la Catedral Metropolitana

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STRI 1
Janitce Harwood es estudiante de biología en la Universidad de Panamá. Ha participado en varias capacitaciones, cursos y pasantías de STRI que han perfeccionado sus habilidades en botánica. Los estudios de anatomía de la madera ayudan a informar las decisiones de conservación y restauración de monumentos históricos y pueden proporcionar información previamente desconocida sobre las técnicas artísticas o los materiales utilizados en el pasado. Foto por Jorge Alemán.

Análisis microscópicos de madera revelan la
fuente del retablo de la Catedral Metropolitana

por STRI

La Catedral Basílica Metropolitana Santa María La Antigua en Panamá es un monumento nacional. Posiblemente se remonta a finales del siglo XVIII, ha sobrevivido a incendios y daños por termitas. Para comprender el origen y la historia de las estructuras de madera de la Catedral y contribuir con el conocimiento científico para las decisiones de conservación y restauración, un equipo que incluyó al Instituto Smithsonian de Investigaciones Tropicales (STRI) e instituciones colaboradoras analizó su madera e identificó sus fuentes.

Los tipos de madera no son iguales. Algunas pueden tener una mayor tolerancia a ciertas condiciones ambientales que otras, o diferentes necesidades de mantenimiento y reparación. En el caso del retablo de la Catedral, se cree que todos los registros sobre ésta se perdieron en un incendio, pero se decía que estaba hecha de cedro. Para recuperar parte de la información faltante, el equipo tomó pequeñas muestras de las áreas permitidas por los trabajadores de la restauración y las analizó. No arrojaría luz sobre el año exacto en que fue esculpido, o el artista detrás de la pieza, pero permitiría la identificación de las especies de árboles utilizadas.

Con muestras de astillas bajo el microscopio, la pasante de STRI Janitce Harwood descubrió que el retablo original estaba tallado en caoba (Swietenia Jacq); pero que la restauración se hizo con una especie de cedro local, Cedrela odorata.

“Ambas especies pertenecen a la misma familia, lo que podría causar confusión”, comentó Harwood, estudiante de biología de la Universidad de Panamá, con formación en botánica. “A primera vista, la madera de caoba es rojiza y tiene un aroma agradable; La madera de cedro es de color amarillo a rojizo y sin aromas. Durante el trabajo de restauración, los trabajadores dudaban en usar madera de cedro, pero esa fue la información que compartió la iglesia”.

También examinó astillas de una escultura de madera de San Andrés. Según los feligreses, fue tallada en madera de guayacán (Handroanthus guayacan). Pero los análisis de Harwood confirmaron que, aunque era una especie del género Handroanthus Mattos, sus características anatómicas son muy similares a las del guayacán.

“Janitce es una experta en el uso de detalles microscópicos de la anatomía de la madera para identificar distintas especies de árboles, y los expertos en restauración estuvieron encantados de trabajar con ella para identificar la fuente original de madera”, comentó el coautor William Wcislo, científico senior de STRI y asesor del director quien también participó en la restauración identificando nidos de abejas cubiertos de hoja de oro.

Además de informar las decisiones de conservación y restauración de monumentos históricos, los estudios de anatomía de la madera también pueden proporcionar información previamente desconocida sobre las técnicas artísticas o los materiales utilizados además de brindar pistas sobre los tipos de especies maderables que eran comunes en el pasado.

“Esta es una contribución al conocimiento sobre la Catedral, un monumento histórico nacional que es parte de nuestro patrimonio, y un testimonio de la flora de Panamá y cómo la usaban nuestros antepasados”, comentó Harwood. “Quizás no quedan muchos altares de madera en Panamá. Ahora, la mayoría están construidos con mármol. Este puede ser el primer estudio de este tipo que se realiza en esta parte de América Latina”.

Los miembros del equipo de investigación están afiliados a STRI, la Universidad de Panamá y Conservación y Restauración Dalmática. La investigación fue financiada por STRI y la Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación de Panamá (SENACYT).

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Fachada de la Catedral. Foto por Daniel E. Sánchez Q.

 

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La anatomía de la madera de la escultura de San Andrés corresponde al género Handroanthus, comúnmente conocido como “guayacán”. Foto por Daniel E. Sánchez Q.

 

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Características anatómicas de Swietenia (retablo) bajo el microscopio. Foto por Janitce Harwood.

 

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Características anatómicas de Handroanthus (escultura de
San Andrés) bajo el microscopio. Foto por Janitce Harwood.

 

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Retablo previo a restauración. Foto por Daniel E. Sánchez Q.

 

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Retablo post restauración. Los trabajos de restauración en el retablo de la Catedral se realizaron con una especie de cedro local, Cedrela odorata, pero los análisis de la madera revelaron que la especie originalmente empleada era la caoba. Foto por Daniel E. Sánchez Q.

 

 

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Dinero

Editorials: Discontent; Depravity; and Deficient defenses

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Aguadulce
Protesters block the highway near Aguadulce. A graphic circulated on Twitter.

The dilemma

Today, it was people who have been cut off of food assistance blocking the Pan-American Highway near Aguadulce. Yesterday, it was onion farmers left out of the crop buyout program blocking the Pan-American Highway near Nata. Tomorrow, most of the Panama Canal unions will be marching to the Presidencia over their grievances.

On Monday, the headline in La Prensa was a nearly $1 billion government deficit for the first three months of this year, with the government payroll up and public investments down. That same day, Fitch updated its ratings for private banks in Panama and all of their prospects were rated negative. On Tuesday, the president of ARAP, the nation’s restaurateurs’ association, told Metro Libre that the sector would not be profitable again until sometime next year. That same day, Telemetro reported a 50% drop in car sales here. Today (Wednesday, May 12), the Colon Free Zone merchants pleaded that many will not stay in business if the rents they pay are not slashed, and President Cortizo told us to stand by for an announcement about “important adjustments.”

Panama has a broken economy that will not mend soon. With only a relatively few exceptions, everybody is hurting. Our government is close to $40 billion in debt

We can all sneer at each other’s grievances while championing our own. That’s what’s in effect urged upon us by all the worst people.

Or, we can pull together as a society to confront an economic crisis that will be with us for some years to come. There is no miracle cure, but enough solidarity to keep Panama and those who live here from falling over the edge will require some sharing of the sacrifices. Easier said than done, but that’s the only way out short of social breakdown.

 

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‘But a sovereign citizen told me it’s legal…’

43-year-old Óscar Martínez Artunduaga, a Panamanian citizen from Potrerillos Abajo in Chiriqui, is being held without bail. He is accused of having, in 2019, purported to buy a 14-year-old girl from her parents, and having kept her as a concubine for nearly two years, until she escaped and told her story to police and prosecutors.

Now it is reported that says that she has recanted, at least in part – her parents didn’t sell her, she went willingly because she loved him, the new version goes. Perhaps it might get the parents off the hook. Regardless, the guy’s facing some very serious time in prison, because no matter how it’s spun, in Panama a 14-year-old can’t legally consent to sex with someone in their 40s.

Let’s give the man the chance to present his defense in court. The intention is not to whip up lynch mob passions. Innocent unless proven guilty is often enough a dodge to shield injustices but it’s still a very good principle for a society to maintain.

The important thing is that word ought to be out and about among expatriates here, and around the world, that Panama, on top of being a jurisdiction where prostitution is legal, tolerates this sort of thing. Panama’s age of consent is misrepresented online, as is our culture. Word is out that not only is this a place to come for cheap labor, but also for the cheap sexual exploitation of kids. It happens often enough.

Prosecutions of those who indulge in such exploitation, citizens or foreigners, happen from time to time but probably only touch a tiny minority of the cases. The rich, the powerful, those with the “right” surnames or political ties, notoriously never see the inside of a prison cell about such crimes. It’s safer to be an Eleta than a Martínez.

Let the word go out, and let reality match the word. Panama is not a place to come buy minors for sexual gratification. You can end up in a very unpleasant prison if you come here and do that. If you are here and you are doing that, leave now while your luck holds out. The chicken hawk, endemic or invasive, is a species that may well be hunted to extinction here with few people getting upset about that.

 

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THAT lame defense again

It’s the old “I was robbing this convenience store and the guy behind the counter pulled out a gun so I had to shoot him in self-defense” plea.

There are many sorts of arguments that should not be heard and the ones Israel is now making are among them. They are in a long-running ethnic cleansing campaign, red meat for Netanyahu’s base but leaving Israel ever more the pariah on the world stage. The trend is for ever more American Jews, once Israel’s strongest base of support, to repudiate Israeli human rights abuses – many of them on the basis of ethics found in the Torah.

More and more, fervent US support for Israel comes from far-right Zionist Christians. Some of these believe in and want a Battle of Armageddon which is fought until the very last Jew is annihilated.

Condemnation of Israeli ethnic cleansing and over-the-top violence when they meet resistance does NOT, however, excuse the dictatorial and ineffective Abbas, nor Hamas, which uses illegal and ineffective rocket attacks. Young Palestinians are rising up on the streets of Jerusalem and around the world in part because they have been abandoned by Palestinian leaders who have long since worn out their welcome and refuse to hold elections because they would be crushed in any fair contest.

If the Holy Land is sliding in to a Third Intifada, there will be abuses but widespread support for the young Palestinians who are rising up. There has been a long train of very egregious abuses, and something has to give.

What’s the path to peace? New Israeli and new Palestinian leaders, hard-line defenders of their respective nations’ interests, realizing that this cycle can’t go on and negotiating a peace consonant with the traditions of international law found in both Judaism and Islam. To feed the stranger. To know and respect the other tribe and live alongside them in peace. To let God decide religious disputes and let law backed by the international community decide property disputes.

 

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Petra Kelly, born to an American father and a German mother, was a co-founder, leader and legislator of the German Green Party. Shall we call her end an American sort of story? She died of a gunshot wound to the head, probably inflicted while she was sleeping, by her older male partner, who then shot himself to death. Photo from her days in the Bundestag by Sven Simon.

 

Peace is not just the absence of mass destruction, but a positive internal and external condition in which people are free so that they can grow to their full potential.

Petra Kelly

 

Bear in mind…

 

Success is liking yourself, liking what you do, and liking how you do it.

Maya Angelou

 

Animals have these advantages over man: they never hear the clock strike, they die without any idea of death, they have no theologians to instruct them, their last moments are not disturbed by unwelcome and unpleasant ceremonies, their funerals cost them nothing, and no one starts lawsuits over their wills.

Voltaire

 

One glance at a book and you hear the voice of another person, perhaps someone dead for 1,000 years. To read is to voyage through time.

Carl Sagan

 

 

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Nuevamente, el jueves, los canaleros protestarán

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may 13 protest
 

Contact us by email at / Contáctanos por correo electrónico a fund4thepanamanews@gmail.com

 

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Dasgupta, Indian COVID variants and their role in the spike there

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India
“Beyond heartbreaking.” Photo by Ajit Solanki/AAP.

Why variants are most likely to blame for India’s COVID surge

by Rajib Dasgupta, Jawaharlal Nehru University

With more than 300,000 new COVID cases a day and hospitals and crematoria facing collapse, Director-General of the World Health Organization Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus has called the situation in India “beyond heartbreaking”.

India’s government has blamed the people for not following COVID-safe public health directives, but recent data shows mask use has only fallen by 10 percentage points, from a high of 71% in August 2020 to a low of 61% by the end of February.

And the mobility index increased by about 20 percentage points, although most sectors of the economy and activity had opened up. These are modest changes and do not adequately explain the huge increase in cases.

A more likely explanation is the impact of variants that are more transmissible than the original SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Variants in India

Viruses keep changing and adapting through mutations, and new variants of a virus are expected and tracked in a pandemic situation such as this.

The Indian SARS-CoV-2 Genomics Consortium (INSACOG), a group of ten national laboratories, was set up in December 2020 to monitor genetic variations in the coronavirus. The labs are required to sequence 5% of COVID-positive samples from states and 100% of positive samples from international travelers.

The United Kingdom is currently testing about 8% of its positive samples and the United States about 4%. India has been testing about 1% altogether. INSACOG has so far tested 15,133 SARS-CoV-2 genomes. This means of every 1,000 cases, the UK has sequenced 79.5, the US 8.59, and India only 0.0552.

In the final week of December, India detected six cases of the UK variant (B.1.1.7) among international travelers.

The current second wave started in the northwestern state of Punjab in the first half of February and has not yet plateaued. One of the advisers to the Punjab government confirmed that more than 80% of the cases were attributed to the UK variant.

Significantly, the most affected districts are from Punjab’s Doaba region, known as the NRI (non-resident Indian) belt. An estimated 60-70% of the families in these districts have relatives abroad, mostly in the UK or Canada, and a high volume of travel to and from these countries.B.1.617, or what has been called the “Indian double mutation”, has drawn attention because it contains two mutations (known as E484Q and L452R) that have been linked to increased transmissibility and an ability to evade our immune system.

Many experts in India now think this is driving the surge.

Even as India’s health ministry announced the detection of the mutants on March 24, it went on to add:

[…] these have not been detected in numbers sufficient to either establish or direct relationship or explain the rapid increase in cases in some states.

The head of the Indian Council of Medical Research said there was no reason for panic because mutations are sporadic, and not significant. That day, the states of Maharashtra and Punjab accounted for 62.5% and 4.5% of 40,715 new cases, respectively.

Across the world, several key mutant strains have emerged thanks to ongoing virus replication in humans. Both ability to replicate and transmit, and a better ability to escape our immune systems, led to the variants establishing themselves as dominant strains across geographies and populations.

The UK variant (B.1.1.7) is at least 30% more transmissible. At a recent webinar, Indian experts observed the “Indian strain” (B.1.617) is similarly transmissible to the UK variant, but there is little evidence so far of it being more lethal than the original virus.

Why higher transmissibility is so concerning

According to epidemiologist Adam Kucharski at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, the conundrum is this:

[…] suppose 10,000 people are infected in a city and each infects 1.1 other people on average, the low end for the estimated rate of infection in England. After a month, 16,000 people would have been infected. If the infection fatality rate is 0.8%, as it was in England at the end of the first wave of infections, it would mean 128 deaths. With a variant that is 50% more deadly, those 16,000 cases would result in 192 deaths. But with a variant that is 50% more transmissible, though no more deadly, there would be 122,000 cases after a month, leading to 976 deaths.

In all likelihood, this is the current Indian scenario: a higher overall death count despite the variants being no more fatal in relative terms.

Setting up a genomic surveillance system and consistently testing 5% of the positive samples is an expensive but important tool in the journey ahead. This can help us identify emerging hotspots, track transmission and enable nimble-footed decision-making and tailored interventions.The Conversation

 

Rajib Dasgupta, Chairperson, Centre of Social Medicine and Community Health, Jawaharlal Nehru University

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

 

 

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Beluche, El monumento en Penonomé

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obscenity
Monumento Bicentenario en Penonomé. Foto por la Gobernación de Coclé.

El monumento del Bicentenario en Penonomé y el Panamá colombiano

por Olmedo Beluche

“El camino del infierno está empedrado de buenas intenciones”, reza un viejo refrán. Esto parece ser lo que ha sucedido con las seguramente buenas intenciones de la gobernación de Coclé de ser la primera entidad política panameña en conmemorar de alguna manera el Bicentenario de la Independencia de España. Dado que llevamos ya casi medio año y no se aprecia ninguna actividad al respecto, pese a que ha sido nombrada una comisión especial, con seguridad las autoridades coclesanas tuvieron la buena voluntad de hacer su aporte con un “monumento” y una medalla denominada “Juan D. Arosemena” para personalidades de méritos públicos.

A partir de ese “buen” deseo conmemorativo, el resto de las decisiones tomadas por las autoridades de aquella gobernación y los funcionarios que fueron encargados de su realización constituyeron un desastre que no demoró en hacerse evidente y en ser señalado, con lo cual el efecto positivo esperado se ha transformado en su contrario.

Algunas feministas cuestionaron una medalla al mérito con el nombre del expresidente Juan D. Arosemena quien, quien fue un político tan conservador que persiguió a las sufragistas panameñas de aquella época, empezando con su dirigente, la Dra. Clara González, que tuvo que exiliarse para no ser arrestada.

Los que juegan a hacer política de “oposición” enfocándose en las nimiedades para no atacar el corazón de las decisiones económicas del actual gobierno, han centrado sus críticas en la profusión de medallas entregadas y en los personajes que las recibieron: varios ministros de estado, el vicepresidente y algunos políticos del oficialismo.

La mayoría de las críticas se han centrado en el monumento erigido en el corazón de Penonomé. El ingeniero Orlando Acosta Patiño ha cuestionado los criterios estéticos con que se hizo el “monumento -si puede llamarse así” y ha cuestionado que no se convocó un concurso para escultores nacionales y extranjeros basado en criterios rigurosos, poniendo como ejemplo contrario lo que en el pasado se hizo con la Plaza Porras y el Conjunto Escultórico de la Justicia en el Palacio Legislativo (La Estrella, 4/5/2021).

La periodista Emilia Zeballos ha recogido críticas de historiadores, artistas e intelectuales. Omar Jaén Suárez ha dicho: “El monumento no representa adecuadamente la historia del país y tampoco mejora el paisaje urbano”. El pintor Aristides Ureña Ramos agregó: “Creo que en verdad hemos bajado muy en bajo… seguimos abrazando el fascinante mundo de la república de las bananeras”. El historiador Rommel Escarreola ha señalado que el monumento contiene varios errores, como una simbología griega e ideología masónica, que no expresa a la nación y que su lema dice “Bicentenario de la República de Panamá”, cuando debió decir “Bicentenario de la Independencia de Panamá de España” (El Siglo 5/5/2021).

En fin, que en esta era de decadencia del capitalismo neoliberal, más cerca de la barbarie que de la civilización (como advertía Rosa Luxemburgo), en materia estética el mal gusto parece ser la moda artística prevaleciente; la improvisación el método de trabajo; la adulación de los jefes y clientelismo político, son las doctrinas que guían el accionar de las autoridades.

Quiero centrarme en el “lapsus” de quienes decidieron escribir en el monumento el lema “Bicentenario de la República de Panamá”. ¿Cómo se pudo cometer un error tan evidente? Siendo que la llamada “República de Panamá” (intervenida por Estados Unidos), recién apareció en 1903. ¿Qué puede llevar a quien quiera que haya diseñado el llamado monumento y a las autoridades que lo aprobaron a no darse cuenta del error histórico que contenía?

La respuesta es una combinación entre el bajo nivel cultural de nuestros políticos de turno y sus asesores, junto con una historia oficial falsificada a conveniencia de nuestras igualmente ignorantes élites oligárquicas, para quienes el período en que fuimos parte de Colombia debe ser pintado como una “era oscura”, si es que se habla de ello, porque de esa manera la traición cometida en 1903 queda embellecida como “una liberación”.

La tarea en que se ha empeñado la historia oficial es pintar a Panamá como “un hecho singular” en el conjunto de Latinoamérica, como si no hubiera nada en común, ni la historia, con nuestros hermanos colombianos o centroamericanos. Una historia así contada satisface la aspiración de la oligarquía panameña que soñaba con ser una estrella en la bandera yanqui borrando su estigma hispano, indígena, africano.

“Panamá se independizó sola de España”; “Bolívar no tuvo que venir a Panamá; “La nación panameña tiene 500 años de historia”; “Nos constituimos en nación independiente el 28 de Noviembre”. Con afirmaciones de esta índole es natural que alguien un poco ingenuo y carente de conocimientos históricos piense que hace 200 años se fundó la república de Panamá.

Cuando se habla del Panamá colombiano del siglo XIX se le pinta como algo sumamente negativo, que conviene olvidar: porque “los colombianos” nos tenían “olvidados”; nos “oprimían”; nos “explotaban”; nos sometían a cruentas guerras civiles a nosotros los “pacíficos” panameños; siempre fuimos una nación diferente, nunca fuimos colombianos; por eso Estados Unidos nos “liberó” dos veces, la primera de Colombia y la segunda de Noriega.

Dichas las cosas de esa manera es natural que el siglo XIX sea visto como “un trauma”, dicho a la manera de Hernán Porras o de Sigmund Freud, con lo cual es natural que tienda a olvidarse esa época “mala” y que alguien con buenas intenciones crea que en realidad la república panameña nació hace 200 años, ya que “nos independizamos solos”.

El anacronismo es el peor pecado de los historiadores, pero el más común, puesto que la historia manipulada es el caldo de cultivo de los nacionalismos, chauvinismos y la xenofobia muy conveniente a la burguesía que se representa así misma como encarnación y guía de la nación.

La realidad es que, no solo no surgió ninguna “República de Panamá” hace 200 años, sino que tampoco “nos independizamos solos”, y que la historia de ese periodo para su cabal comprensión no admite los estrechos márgenes del localismo y provincialismo, sino que exige una visión global y continental porque los que se deshizo fue el imperio colonial “español”.

Hace 200 años en Panamá no habría pasado nada, ni el general monárquico José de Fábrega se hubiera pasado al bando republicano, sin las victorias previas de Vicente Guerrero, José de San Martín y Simón Bolívar y sin las previas independencias de la Nueva España, la capitanía de Guatemala (Centroamérica), la Nueva Granada, el Río de la Plata, Chile y la Villa de Los Santos todas las cuales precedieron al 28 de Noviembre y lo marcaron.

Basta de chauvinismo, provincialismo y pseudo nacionalismo en la historia panameña para que reconozcamos sin ambages que estamos celebrando el Bicentenario de la Independencia de España y de la República de Colombia de la que los istmeños hicimos parte orgullosamente.

 

Contact us by email at / Contáctanos por correo electrónico a fund4thepanamanews@gmail.com

 

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Negrete, The United States after Trump

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rednex
The economic forces that helped to give rise and direction to the Trump phenomena have social and political consequences. These will not just disappear and cannot be quantified as an exact science. So these kind of people will also affect the post-Trump USA. Photo by Blink O’fanaye.

The United States after Trump

by Armando Negrete — Latin American Economic Observatory

As the world economy moves towards new normality, a period of profound international transformations is approaching. The economic and health crisis provoked by COVID19 has shown the limits of UN multilateralism and international cooperation, the effects of the trade and technology wars against China, the interests behind technological control of the energy transition, and the loss of US leadership. The election of Joseph Biden prevented the continuation of Trump’s program and restored an international Democratic plan to the executive. Given these changes, what can international relations and our Latin American countries expect after the first 100 days of his mandate?

At the beginning of March, Biden published his Interim National Security Strategic Guidance (INSSG), intending to set out the foreign policy and security foundations to define the new National Security Strategy that will replace that of 2017. The document recognizes how China became more assertive and became ‘the only competitor capable of combining its economic, diplomatic, military and technological power to pose a challenge to the international system.’ It identifies, as the most urgent task, rebuilding its economic foundations, regaining its place in international institutions, modernizing its military and diplomatic capabilities, and revitalizing its network of global alliances and partnerships. However, the damage caused by the Trump administration in these areas was profound, and the path of reconstruction will face several problems in all areas.

Concerning its place in international institutions, the United States spoke out against the World Trade Organization (WTO), the World Health Organization (WHO), UNESCO and pulled out of the Iraq Nuclear Agreement, the Open Skies Treaty, the Paris Climate Agreement, and the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC). Under Biden, the United States rejoined the WHO and the COVAX program with an additional $2 billion contribution, and the Paris Agreement, with strengthened emission reduction commitments. In principle, the United States rejoins the fight against two of today’s most essential crises, health, and climate, but does not address its economic problem and loss of leadership.

In his first 100 days speech, Biden announced his three-part Build Back Better (BBB) agenda: rescue, recovery, and rebuild. The agenda incorporates: 1. A Rescue Plan, consisting of $1.9 trillion in income support to households, safe return to schools and reinforcement of the vaccination program; 2. A Jobs Plan, dedicated to job creation through an investment of more than $2.3 billion in construction, infrastructure and clean energy; and 3. A Family Plan, consisting of $1.8 trillion spending for “middle-class prosperity” in education, health care, and childcare, as well as changes to the tax law and reversal of 2017 tax breaks. Overall, the BBB comprises more than $6 trillion in federal spending, the largest in its history.

The Biden administration’s most sensitive focus, expressed in both the INSSG and the BBB agenda, is the economic recovery that achieves growth, competitiveness, and technological development. Between 2010 and 2019, the United States has sustained average GDP growth of 2.2 percent, far below China’s 7.6 percent and even 2.8 percent worldwide. The loss of international competitiveness ended with a trade war against the most dynamic economy, which leads not only in terms of growth rate but also in technological innovation, energy transition, and, increasingly, diplomacy. The gap between these two economies is widening.

2

According to Biden, “there is no reason why wind turbine blades can’t be built in Pittsburgh instead of Beijing” or “…why American workers can’t lead the world in the production of electric vehicles and batteries.” He ignores the minimal productivity gains that have been dragging on for more than three decades and the high wages of US workers and even seeks to increase them. Since 1990, when China began to open its market and, more strongly, since 2000, when it joined the World Trade Organization, the relocation of production and the building of global value chains have moved towards much more productive economies.

Biden’s national security strategy position recognizes that ‘the United States cannot afford to remain absent on the world stage, as it had been under Trump. However, it does not consider whether it is too late or even possible to return to the same place. The legitimacy of US democracy has finally collapsed, after all the interventions and coups in Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa, with the latest spectacle of its last elections and the unchecked racial violence in policing. Despite its massive budget, the BBB plan will face its structural limits and the accelerating global transformations led by China. The risk will then be that economic and political avenues exhausted, the United States will seek to regain its leadership by military means. The long-term economic effect of low US growth will be that it will continue to drag down Latin American economies, especially in the Caribbean Basin.

 

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