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The powers that be respond to a crime wave

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calle 26
Waiting for the forensics team at the scene of a gangland hit in Calidonia.

The blame game? Particularly lame. But that
and the reasons for it are not being ignored.

by Eric Jackson

Zulay Rodríguez shrieking at Security Minister Rolando Mirones in the National Assembly chamber. Yes, well, shrieking fits are what she does. On this day it was actually a video bite punctuation. Her main work at the moment was, along with colleagues Leandro Ávila and Corina Cano, an attempt to amend a law eliminating the statutes of limitation for sex offenses to provide that those convicted of public corruption, money laundering and drug trafficking would not go to prison but rather do community service. Convenient amendment for one who, by all appearances, stole $100,000 from the Panamanian Sports Institute.

Which is not to say that there is nothing seriously alarming underway. There were about 70 homicides in December, and at least 60 in January. A couple of rotting bodies found in an illegal tire dump in Kuna Nega may affect the balance, even if there aren’t any slayings on the last day of January. Medical examiners will have to make their finding about when these two died, with the possibility of further detective work determining exactly when, where and at whose hands. So what’s THAT all about?

In a statement about the notorious killing of a family of three — including a two-month-old baby — in the Arraijan neighborhood of El Chumical, Mirones said that “everything appears to indicate that this act is the product of a struggle among gangs for control of territory.”

The names of the gangs are not specifically known to the public. They were part of one of the two main gangs in Panama, Bagdad, which had a bloody split beginning in December. After some apparent initial skirmishes on the streets of San Felipe, the war flared into a December 17 massacre in which AK-47s, 9mm pistols, machetes and shivs were deployed inside a Bagdad pavillion at La Joyita Penitentiary. Some guards, police and prison administrators lost jobs over that. There may be some cops or prisoncrats becoming themselves inmates for letting the weapons in, but we don’t know exactly when that was.

After the bloodletting at the prison, a much larger war erupted on the streets, with its main but not only epicenter in Arraijan. In one of the many gangland hits, an illiterate Guna teenager ended up charged with two counts of murder. Leave it to Judge Iroko Tinoco to throw the charges out because the boy was questioned without parents, attorney or guardian ad litem present. At that, Mirones was incensed. “It can’t be that people are released in cases where they have committed violent crimes.”

In the National Assembly, Mirones can’t get a consensus for that. PRD deputy Arquesio Arias, you see, isn’t attending legislative sessions. Accused of being a serial rapist, the judge let him out under house arrest as he awaits trial before the Supreme Court on multiple sexual assault charges. His colleagues don’t want his suplente filling in for him. It’s not just his circuit going without a vote, but also a matter of who runs the office budget and controls those political patronage jobs associated with it for the duration. Arias is managing that budget from his home and his fellow deputies seem content with that.

As word of the crime wave gets to social media that the gringo community reads, there are the usual “you need a gun to live in Panama” statements, the hustlers are calling for their emergency meetings with whatever inane offerings to come from them and the more legitimate long-term neighborhood watch groups are calling meetings with police community relations people. The ban on importation of firearms has been allowed to lapse and it is expected that the processing of applications for gun permits will resume. On the other hand, Mirones and National Police director Jorge Miranda put on the first public destruction of illegal guns show in several years on January 30. Some 589 pistols were destroyed.

The family of three that was slaughtered in El Chumical was armed. Little did that help when three or four armed guys came crashing in and shooting in the middle of the night. So if Mirones sometimes spouts US-inspired gun seller pitches, it seems that official policy is not to encourage citizens or resident foreigners to run right out and get a gun.

guns
Miranda, in shades, and Mirones, in protective gear, put a pistol to the torch. Security Ministry photo.
 

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¿Wappin? The TRUTH. Might even be Gospel.

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MLK
He never expected a fair trial. It didn’t stop him. When he died, the dream lived on. Photo by Charles Moore.

Sometimes the music mean what it says
A veces la música significa lo que dice

Curtis Mayfield – People Get Ready
https://youtu.be/riGGtrYCBvA

Lila Downs & Carla Morrison – Ser Paloma
https://youtu.be/Gi8SoChWWkQ

The Melodions – Rivers of Babylon
https://youtu.be/CDYAqz603TE

Etta James – Gotta Serve Somebody
https://youtu.be/lHV3OjW5gsg

Bruce Springsteen – The Promised Land
https://youtu.be/0U5BmSRikl0

Peter Tosh – Burial
https://youtu.be/eirblXMl30s

Las Tesis – Un Violador En Tu Camino
https://youtu.be/aB7r6hdo3W4

Joshue Ashby C3 Project – Andy Blues
https://youtu.be/E3VRCcW1t9s

Soweto Gospel Choir – Many Rivers to Cross / Swing Low
https://youtu.be/7o34epLoQuk

The Golden Gospel Singers – Oh Freedom!
https://youtu.be/nqPZUnV-vrw

Bob Marley – Music Lesson
https://youtu.be/LWnb_2lRaoo

Chaka Khan – Through the Fire
https://youtu.be/ymuWb8xtCsc

Joan Baez – We Shall Overcome
https://youtu.be/RkNsEH1GD7Q

Joan Osborne – What If God Was One Of Us
https://youtu.be/7Gx1Pv02w3Q

Sister Rosetta Tharpe – Up Above My Head
https://youtu.be/JeaBNAXfHfQ

Chavela Vargas – Preguntitas sobre Dios
https://youtu.be/_mC3iYbTKDQ

Mahalia Jackson – How I Got Over
https://youtu.be/l49N8U3d0Bw

 

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Dinero

Anteproyecto de una Ley General de Cultura

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title

Para leer el anteproyecto
en formato PDF toque aquí

lewd pulsating jungle rhythms
Foto por Eric Jackson.

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Some things to do coming up / Algunas cosas para hacer a continuación

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ACHIMPA
The Chinese-Panamanian business and professional women put on their Kite Festival every year, which is for everyone who might be interested. Lots of non-Chinese will be there, and may notice the Confucian family values nature of the festivities.
Las mujeres profesionales y de negocios china-panameñas organizan su Festival de Cometas cada año, que es para todos los que puedan estar interesados. Muchos no chinos estarán allí, y pueden notar que la familia confuciana valora la naturaleza de las festividades.

 

calendar
We are into the season for local fairs, often on the saint’s day of a particular community. It is said that part of the Spanish conquest was priests finding out the main local indigenous holiday, and designating the saint celebrated that day as the community’s patron saint. In any case, there are politics in government listings of various events and this comes out of the Ministry of Agricultural Development, with its particular interest in celebrations with farm-related aspects.
Estamos en la temporada de ferias locales, a menudo en el día del santo de una comunidad en particular. Se dice que parte de la conquista española fue que los sacerdotes descubrieron la principal fiesta indígena local y designaron al santo que se celebró ese día como el santo patrón de la comunidad. En cualquier caso, hay políticas en los listados gubernamentales de varios eventos y esto proviene del Ministerio de Desarrollo Agropecuario, con su interés particular en celebraciones con aspectos relacionados con los productores.

 

ATP
The problem with the Panama Tourism Authority? Its efforts are more oriented toward showcasing its dignitaries than promoting events that would attract tourists.

¿El problema de la Autoridad de Turismo de Panamá? Sus esfuerzos están más orientados a exhibir a sus dignatarios que a promover eventos que atraigan a los turistas.

 

Carnaval
Carnival is huge all over the country, and this year Penonome is betting that the drought will not ruin its Water Carnival on the Zarati River. The biggest party as always will be in Las Tablas, where the regueton sensation of the moment, Sech, will be putting on a series of shows. In the capital the festivities will be on the Cinta Costera, and on Saturday and Sunday at ATLAPA, the West Indian community will be hosting the annual Antillean Fair, surely the most family-oriented of Carnival events.
Carnaval es enorme en todo el país, y este año Penonomé está apostando a que la sequía no arruinará su Carnaval Acuático en el Río Zarati. La fiesta más grande como siempre será en Las Tablas, donde la sensación de regueton del momento, Sech, estará presentando una serie de espectáculos. En la capital, las festividades se llevarán a cabo en la Cinta Costera, y el sábado y el domingo en ATLAPA, la comunidad afroantillana organizará la Feria Antillana anual, seguramente el evento de Carnaval más orientado a la familia.
 

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To fend off hackers, organized trolls and other online vandalism, our website comments feature is switched off. Instead, come to our Facebook page to join in the discussion.

Para defendernos de los piratas informáticos, los trolls organizados y otros actos de vandalismo en línea, la función de comentarios de nuestro sitio web está desactivada. En cambio, ven a nuestra página de Facebook para unirte a la discusión.  

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Kudos to a colleague in Panama’s English-language news media

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Let The Panama News spin its spin below, but first let’s show proper deference and just pass on The Panama Cyberspace News promotion in their own words and pictures:
What is the Panama Cyberspace News? Listen at the following link:
https://www.dropbox.com/s/5fppaznz50js8x1/Cyber%20News%20promo%20v1.mp3?dl=0

HOW TO SUBSCRIBE TO THE PANAMA CYBERSPACE NEWS AND MAKING PLANS FOR ANOTHER EXCURSION

In response to some recent inquiries on how to subscribe to the Panama Cyberspace News, below are the various options:
The annual fee is thirty dollars ($30).

In addition to cash, payments are accepted in any of the following methods (request instructions):
• Banco General in Panama (request account number)
• MoneyGram or Western Union (request instructions)
• Pentagon Federal Credit Union (request account number)
• Zelle Quick Pay or ClearXchange (using email goberncl@cwpanama.net)
• Personal Check, Bank Draft or Money Order to be mailed payable to:
Carmela L. Gobern, PTY 3109, Box 025724, Miami, FL 33102

You may also use PayPal (credit card) using our Web site at www.panamacybernews.com
or pay directly to PayPal using this email address: stjones@walterstjones.com

We normally publish on the 1st and the 15th of every month. The $30 annual fee includes two editions monthly, free publicity, a complimentary gift of a car organizer or a set of Panamanian Souvenir Coasters and also our NEW CyberNews Online Calendar 2020.

If you would like to view the current edition (January 15) of the Panama Cyberspace News, feel free to contact goberncl@cwpanama.net

Photo below shows all the editions of the Panama Cyberspace News since its inception on March 1, 2001:
Next year (Dios primero) we look forward to celebrating our 20th Anniversary.

We thank you in advance for supporting our journalism efforts!

We recently (Jan. 21-23) had a delightful and educational fun excursion to the provinces of Cocle and Herrera. In preparing for another excursion, please let us know where in Panama you would like to visit.

Saludos,
Carm
Carmela L. Gobern
Editor, Panama Cyberspace News
goberncl@cwpanama.net
Tel. (507) 314-0398
Cel. (507) 6675-4507
U.S. (678) 995-7136
www.panamacybernews.com

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A note from the editor of The Panama News

English-language journalism has a long history in Panama, dating back to before either Carmela Gobern or I were born. And when we were both kids, there was this racially segregated, black-majority and white dominated enclave called the Canal Zone. There were two “mainstream” English-language newspapers, The Star & Herald (related to La Estrella) and The Panama American (related to El Panamá América), but also, very much oriented toward the West Indian community in both the Canal Zone and the Republic of Panama, there was The Panama Tribune.

In addition to the history of race relations that has generally been popular for white Americans on the isthmus and in the Zonian diaspora to deny, there was also the military dictatorship aspect of Canal Zone life. Yes, governors appointed by elected US presidents, generally major generals of the US Army Corps of Engineers. Get into the legal history and you will find out about the Insular Cases Doctrine, wherein the US Constitution and due process of law did not necessarily apply in the Canal Zone.

So that stuff is among the baggage carried by anyone of a certain age with those roots practicing journalism in Panama today. It would be nonsense to pretend that the experiences and knowledge passed on by elders would be the same from those who came from pre-treaty Margarita and from that time in Rainbow City.

The military brats who passed through the complex of bases in the old Canal Zone would have another world view imprinted in their youth. But they MIGHT know that the US Army liked the Afro-Antillean community here and actively recruited its young men, with those who enlisted often becoming US citizens and sponsoring their families’ emigration to the United States. Panama’s ties with the Afro-Panamanian diaspora in the USA run directly and indirectly very much through the US Armed Forces.

These days, among the white American residents there are a lot of people who don’t even know of the large number of English-speaking black people, many of them holding US citizenship, in Rio Abajo. And they don’t know of the Panama Cyberspace News, approaching its 20th birthday. It’s a project of Carmela Gobern, who before starting it in the wake of the bases’ closure used to write for The Tropic Times, which was the US Armed Forces Southern Command’s newspaper.

Know where you are and its history. Know your own roots, and something about your neighbors’ roots. Such knowledge is no guarantee, but it does at least allow you to be a wiser and more decent human being.

And so it’s newsworthy to pass on word about another English-language publication here, for those of you who did not know. 

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Hightower, The next wave of refugees

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J Ht
The prospect of a 2 percent tax on wealth over $50 million has rich Americans considering expatriating. Shutterstock graphic.

America’s rich refugee crisis

by Jim Hightower — OtherWords

This is a make or break year for many migrants seeking to improve their families’ financial conditions. They say they’re being persecuted in their homeland, yet they fear being vilified for crossing the border. What to do?

These are not impoverished families south of the border, but a few thousand super rich Americans who are trembling in their US mansions, contemplating expatriation — do they stay in the USA, or abandon the homeland for some friendlier haven for the super rich?

What’s got these fainthearted patriots on the brink of renouncing their citizenship is nothing but a craven fear of a modest tax increase.

While Trump has thrilled them by slashing the already low rate they pay toward America’s common good, they’re now in a tizzy, because — eek! — here comes Elizabeth Warren, Bernie Sanders, and a multitude of voters angry at the devious, self-indulgent tax dodging of corporations and wealthy elites like them.

“We have people who are totally spooked about the prospect of a Warren presidency and a wealth tax,” explains a New York lawyer who helps rich clients expatriate.

What a bunch of wimps!

First, Warren’s tax plan totally exempts the first $50 million of anyone’s wealth. Second, it assesses only a tiny tax surcharge — 2 percent on assets above $50 million, 3 percent above $1 billion — on the rest of the wealth they’re hoarding. Third, they’d still be fabulously rich, ranking among the wealthiest one-hundredth-of-one-percent of Americans.

And fourth, the money raised would greatly advance America, the American people, and America’s democratic values. That’s why the wealth tax is supported by 77 percent of Democrats, 55 percent of independents, and — hello! — 57 percent of Republicans

If these rich abdicators’ appreciation for what this country has given to them is so lacking and degenerate, who needs them?

 

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Bendib, More brazen than a drive-by shooting

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KjBd
 

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The Panama News blog links, January 29, 2020

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The Panama News blog links

a Panama-centric selection of other people’s work
una selección Panamá-céntrica de las obras de otras personas

Canal, Maritime & Transportation / Canal, Marítima & Transporte

La Prensa, Estado prevé auditar y revisar concesión de PPC

Seatrade, Panama port container volumes up 4.7% in 2019

TVN, Cuarto Puente sobre el Canal podrían iniciar a finales del primer trimestre

Jamaica Observer, Jamaica and Panama airlift agreement

Gcaptain, America’s surge sealift and what they aren’t telling us

Seatrade, CSAV to quit the ro-ro shipping business

Sports / Deportes

El Siglo, Arboleda y Ledezma brillaron en el 2019

AP, Costa Rican women rout Panama 6-1

Economy / Economía

TVN, Deuda pública alarma a Panamá

La Estrella, Rusia excluye a Panamá de lista discriminatoria

Stiglitz, El malestar en América Latina

EFE, El desempleo juvenil en Latinoamérica alcanza su tasa más alta en 20 años

Science & Technology / Ciencia & Tecnología

Mongabay: Melting Arctic sea ice may be altering winds, weather at equator

Foster & Hendon, How to make the perfect cup of coffee

BBC, Translucent frogs seen for first time in 18 years

News / Noticias

TVN, Recomiendan que sobrevivientes de masacre no regresen a El Terrón

La Estrella, Martinelli fundaría el partido Acción Democrática

Prensa Latina, Panama and Cuba migration agreement

La Estrella, Ocho familias de Guna Yala reubicarán sus viviendas tras fuerte oleaje

AFP, Keiko Fujimori back to prison

Global Americans: Trump’s Latin America team, present, past and potential

The Forward, Survivors on the Auschwitz liberation anniversary

Opinion / Opiniones

B’Tselem, Trump’s “peace” plan: not peace but apartheid

Boff, ¿Por qué hay humanos que esclavizan a otros humanos ayer y hoy?

Carlsen, Collapse of the US-backed regime in Honduras drives migration

CUCO, Una burda maniobra de engaño

Castro, ¿Y ahora dónde se encuentra Panamá?

Palacios, La matanza de El Terrón

Holder, El denominador común de la corrupción

Sagel, 75 años después del horror

Culture / Cultura

Logan, A brief history of black names

Maher, Why my friend Silvio Horta’s life and death matter

The Guardian, Beautiful buildings in architecture photography prize

 

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Dinero

Editorials: #PresidentSanders, and No sport

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#PresidentSanders

President Sanders for the USA
Panama will gain by that too

Donald Trump is the one who invites foreign powers to interfere in his country’s politics. Not us. The USA should run its own affairs without Russian, Ukrainian or other external interference, and Panama should likewise keep its political decisions Panamanian.

By law, only US citizens can vote and only citizens and green card holders can participate in US political campaigns. The Panama News urges dual US and Panamanian citizens to register and exercise their voting rights as Americans, and other Panamanians without that tie to the USA to watch what’s going on up north with the interest of those who are bound to be affected.

The United States is at a critical fork in a road that has taken the country over many years to a bad place.

Constant and ruinously expensive warfare has gotten to the point that a journalist is treated as some sort of traitor to point out just where US forces are at war. No thought is given to what victory looks like, to when would be the time to bring the troops home and do our best to help them readjust to civilian life. The troops at the Pentagon’s disposal can surely kick most other armies’ asses. But after more than 18 years, US forces have not defeated Afghanistan’s Taliban. “Mission accomplished,” W reassured Americans years ago, and this past weekend the US embassy complex in Baghdad was hit by rocket fire. The more likely catastrophic end is not that America provokes a Battle of Armageddon and loses, but that US forces will be camped out in that general area and Uncle Sam won’t be able to pay them.

Forty years of Reaganomics have brought stagnation to most and ruin to many, here and there. First imposed across the USA and then around the world, it has meant that by 2018, just 26 individuals owned as much as the poorest half of humanity – 3.8 billion people. And everywhere the rich are demanding more.

In that scramble at the top for wealth, US industries have been exported. Critical infrastructures, communities and schools have been allowed to crumble. Water supplies have become tainted by fracking for those last drops of oil and gas or by white conservatives going out of their way to show black majority cities like Flint just where they stand. When JP Morgan et al gambled away other people’s money on a fraudulent mortgage scheme, they got a bailout and no prison time but millions lost their homes and jobs.

Around the planet rising seas and growing deserts are driving people from their homes, and that’s causing social problems, wars and mass migrations. When a 17-year-old girl from Sweden pointed out the obvious cause and solution to the moguls at Davos, leave it to a Goldman Sachs guy on loan to the White House to hurl insults at her.

The slight was a bad imitation of Trump, the reality TV fraud artist, who insults and drives away almost everyone within reach of the power. His specialty is wanton abuse of the authority with which he should never have been entrusted. The vital question for the nation and the world is for how much longer.

So what does it all have to do with Democrats’ primary choices? First of all, it means that things are too far gone, too badly damaged, for any harking back to a supposed Golden Age. Let’s be serious, not ridiculous, about the predicament. History has its useful lessons but there is no return to the past. Screen for those who live in today’s world. The nostalgia candidates are unsuitable.

Then do a second screen. Trump has demonstrated the fallacy of the notion that anyone can step in and be as good a president as anyone else. Nobody who has never held public office should be considered for a presidential nomination. (And if we want to step out of the mainstream for a moment and look back to 2016, wasn’t Jill Stein’s naïve photo op with Putin yet another example of this?) Those who have not faced the ethical and practical challenges of public office should not be considered for president, even if a Democratic president might reasonably consider some of them for appointment to this or that important post.

Then filter out the chameleons. The little lizards are charming, as are versatile actors who can play any role. But candor, consistency and demonstrated values trump identities, real or cosmetic, in this election year. This year, look at the contents of the candidates’ characters.

Yes, any Democrat still running would still be an improvement over Donald Trump. But after three basic screens, two good choices remain – Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders.

Either of these two could beat Donald Trump. Neither of them, nor any of the other candidates, would be sure to beat Trump. But Sanders has built a massive grassroots movement embracing people of many sorts but firmly rooted in the working class from which he comes. That with his legion of small donors he has raised a lot more money than his primary opponents who have gone to the billionaires for assistance underlines the power of the movement that Bernie leads.

With Bernie and Elizabeth we are talking about human beings, complete with talents and flaws. But it’s a race for chief executive of the US government, not sainthood. And of the two of them it’s Bernie who has the executive experience, as mayor of the small city of Burlington, Vermont.

Between the two of these good choices, what puts Sanders on top is the Old Testament prophet tendency in him. All along America’s road to decline and disaster, as a citizen activist then as mayor, then starting in 1990 as a US representative and later as a senator, Bernie has been warning us. Sometimes, casting the lone vote. Sometimes, going along to get some complex package passed but with words of caution. Many times, getting the necessary amendment passed to a piece of legislation that had a lacking element that his colleagues did not at first perceive. The opponents’ image spinners may color it grumpy, but it’s astute leadership, grounded in humble wisdom, that sets Bernie Sanders apart.

Whether it’s into a neofascist brave new world with the alt-right or a journey with the progressives into a brighter future, the USA is unavoidably navigating into new territory. Americans should want and demand a leader who has seen clearly where the country was going all along, and that’s Bernie Sanders.

America should have a leader, with however many years upon which to look back, who orients toward the future. To new industries that America never had and the world’s best educated work force to build and run them. To new energy sources and a modern power grid. To new ways of getting around. To new cities rising above the rubble of the old. To country living with new and better connections with the rest of the world. To making new friends at home and abroad, and new trade arrangements with old partners. To a renewed sense of decency in the ways that we relate with one another. Those are the things to which Bernie is headed.

That advice given to American primary voters of the Democratic persuasion, what does it all mean for Panamanians?

A Bernie Sanders administration would free Panama from some debilitating dogmas imposed from without. The “War on Drugs,” neoliberal economics, covert and overt missions through Panama to force other Latin American counties into compliance with Washington’s desires — these would be expenses and embarrassments that Panama could set aside. It would not be due to new orders from the White House, but because of a new era of consultation and friendship rather than demands.

  

That stuff

The smirking thugs walk

Herrera has an amazingly good junior baseball team in this years’ tournament, and Major League Baseball scouts are on the scene. But the fans and the public interest are scarce this year.

A guy who ripped off the baseball federation more or less runs the National Assembly. A former president of the legislature, kicked out by voters, walked away all smiles with other tarnished ex-colleagues after their lawyers got a judge to decide that the investigation of the funds diverted from PANDEPORTES and its various sports federation components is not all that complex and should be over. That outrageous ruling will be appealed, and perhaps reversed. Maybe we will even see a day of accountability for Benicio Robinson’s ultra-expensive baseball bats, the $100 grand for Zulay Rodríguez’s sports organization that never was, and all the other scams by which members of the political caste looted and impoverished our sports scenes.

It may be unfair to talented youngsters, but this publication, like many Panamanian fans, is studiously ignoring Benicio’s FEDEBEIS show. Corruption is not a sport.

 

Many a time freedom has been rolled back — and always for the same sorry reason: fear.

Molly Ivins

Bear in mind…

We must not forget that when radium was discovered no one knew that it would prove useful in hospitals. The work was one of pure science. And this is a proof that scientific work must not be considered from the point of view of the direct usefulness of it. It must be done for itself, for the beauty of science, and then there is always the chance that a scientific discovery may become like the radium a benefit for humanity.

Marie Curie

Prove all things; hold fast that which is good.

1 Thessalonians 5:21

Circumstantial evidence is occasionally very convincing, as when you find a trout in the milk.

Henry David Thoreau

 

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Panama’s cashews are dying, and it’s a matter of national security

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marañón
Nearly a year ago, the Panama Institute of Agricultural Research (IDIAP) responded to what a lot of people on the western part of the Pacific Side — from Panama to Chiriqui provinces — had been noticing. Our cashew (marañón in Spanish) trees were sick and dying. At the time they said they thought the culprit was one of two kinds of fungus. But they didn’t identify it, and only in late September of last year did that say that they would be looking for international assistance — from Brazil. Photo by Eric Jackson, of his ailing cashew tree.

Not counting any sinister aspects,
security alarms should sound

by Eric Jackson

Does it take a history major, or someone who has looked at some of the reasons for mass migrations of our times to realize it? A most fundamental aspect of any nation’s security is the availability of food and water for its population.

The desert starts to expand, and first you have people fighting over who controls the scarcer water resources. Next you have people who can’t produce food like they used to leaving for wherever they might find and settle upon greener pastures.

A fishery depletes. Some leave for other countries, some turn to this or that maritime racket to feed themselves and their dependents, and some go to the city to look for a job.

The ancient scriptures are full of tales about great sieges where the attacking armies sought to cut off the food and water supplies. Before there were Arabs or Jews, someone found a place in the Levant with an underground river that with that time’s technology a besieging army could neither block nor poison, and that place became Jerusalem.

Is the axiom that a nation’s ability to feed itself is the cornerstone of its security seen in entirely different ways by those who grow food and those who “know” that food comes from the grocery store?

Panama has a bad economy, but apart from that its food supplies are constantly threatened by the weather, the changing ranges of pests and agricultural diseases old an new.

Two or three years ago, a lot of Panamanians noticed that their cashew trees were getting sickly.

The people with cashew trees? All sorts, really, but those whose livings depend on them are few and mostly marginalized. These trees grow well in relatively poor soil. Roasting the nuts to neutralize the toxic oil is dirty and dangerous. You will get painfully sick if you eat cashew nuts that are not thoroughly cooked. The fruit don’t have much of a shelf life, unless you dry them or make jam with them. The juice has this odd, astringent taste and texture, and will stain your clothes if you get it on you. Balancing that latter risk, jugo de marañón is an effective folk palliative for many kidney complaints and it said to improve mental function in aging heads. It’s usually mixed with other juices, often mango nectar.

Anyway, there isn’t much in the way of industrial production here. To the bankers and tax collectors’ bottom lines cashews are a negligible commodity whose commercialization happens small-scale on the informal market. But if all or part of your living comes from your land….

That might explain the lackadaisical search for which species of plague, and the lack of curiosity in the rabiblanco media. 

To what can we chalk up some of the late notice that this is a problem not only here but in South America and Africa? Or that in 2016 two Tanzanian researchers, Donatha Damian Tibuhwa and Shamte Shomari of the University of Dar es Salaam, identified the problem as Fusarium oxysporum? They had help from a Japanese laboratory with the DNA work and published their findings in the Asian Journal of Plant Pathology.

So are we to conclude “silly IDIAP” or even “racist “IDIAP” and now that we know what it is, look up the cure?

Not nearly so simple. For example, just what IS Fusarium oxysporum?

By many standards, some amazing stuff. These fungi can eat gold.

But taxonomists disagree about precisely what it is. Is it a species with many strains — at least 38 that are known — or a genus with that many or more species? Or a “sub-genus?”

Whatever you want to call it, Fusarium oxysporum is found from tropical rainforests to Arctic tundras, from swamps to deserts. It gets into the soil.

However, as to the cashew blight we have here, the top leaves and branches are the first to be visibly affected, with branches drying out and withering. By all outward appearances the infection works its way down to the roots. At IDIAP they have been looking at how the pathogen — whatever they decide it is — attaches itself to cashew trees and what might be done to prevent that from happening.

Variants of Fusarium oxysporum have devastated multinational agribusinesses — the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, in a double whammy with the Tobacco Mosaic Virus, has thwarted large-scale attempts at growing tomatoes for processing into paste here. Yes, there are chemicals that can be put into the soil and onto the tomato plants, but not economically so as yet. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense causes the Panama disease that may make the vulnerable Cavendish bananas go extinct, like a related strain of it did to the Gros Michel bananas many decades ago.

But couldn’t we just do the DNA analysis and at least know exactly with what we deal?

Actually, Panama’s underdeveloped labs aren’t well set up to defend us from either plant or animal plagues, and that includes human diseases as well.

But then, don’t we usually call in the Americans in such circumstances?

We do have some very good US scientists here. But we also have a US administration that sneers at the US island of Puerto Rico in a crisis and would not be likely to go far out of its way to help Panama. However, it’s worse than just that.

See, Fusarium oxysporum is also the basis for genetically engineered — in the United States — biological warfare agents. Under the original configuration of Plan Colombia, the US government required Colombia to spray a version of this fungus developed in American labs over vast stretches of our neighboring country, as part of the “Agent Green” used to eradicate coca plantations. Surely that stuff passed through Panama until its use was discontinued in 2001. Plant diseases sprayed from airplanes might expect to get into the environment, perhaps take many different routes to spread, perhaps mutate along the way. So is Uncle Sam going to want to do or fund research that might in turn embarrass the United States government for an experiment it ran on a Latin American country?

How serious a biological weapon threat is Fusarium oxysporum? Bad enough that the European Union has declared it an illegal weapon of war.

The thing is, it generally takes about three years for one of these infections to kill a cashew tree. So IDIAP may figure that although we may luck out with the sudden discovery of a cure, more likely Panamanian cashews are a goner in the likely time frame we who grow them face.

See, e.g., https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusarium_oxysporum#%22Agent_Green%22_in_Colombia if you want to think germ warfare scenarios. It would be interesting to have full disclosure.

 

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