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Los infectólogos pediátricos de Panamá sobre la vacunación de los niños

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The Panama News blog links, November 11, 2021

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The Panama News blog links

a bilingual Panama-centric selection of other people’s work
una selección bilingüe Panamá-céntrica de las obras de otras personas
If you are not bilingual Google Translate usually works
Si no eres bilingüe, el traductor de Google generalmente funciona

Canal, Maritime & Transportation / Canal, Marítima & Transporte

Aviación al Día, Copa espera alcanzar el 80% de su capacidad para diciembre

ECOTV, Reinician vuelos directos de Canadá a Río Hato

Riviera, Port congestion report 2021

The Fresno Bee, If Texas got California’s ships, would it speed the supply chain?

Bloomberg, Democrats press Biden to consider reinstating crude oil export ban

Mundo Marítimo, Descarbonización y sostenibilidad

The Loadstar, Canal costs set to rise

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Economy / Economía

La Prensa, Digicel demanda ante un tribunal por concentración C&W y Claro

La Prensa, Trabajos en Panamá Norte y Macaracas serán “llave en mano”

Qian, The case for Chinese foreign aid

El Mundo, Bukele propone impuesto del 40% a donaciones extranjeras

Baker, Getting high on inflation

Stiglitz, Why Jerome Powell must go

Reich, Why CEO pay exploded

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The Common Plush-crested Jay Urraca is a South American bird not found in Panama. Scientists have discovered something uncommon in this species — it recognizes itself in a mirror. That’s one of the common measures of animal intelligence. Photo from Daniel Ostolaza’s Twitter feed.

Science & Technology / Ciencia & Tecnología

Dr. Axe, Seven natural ways to treat a concussion

Ars Technica, Tiny room at Pompeii villa reveals how Roman slaves lived

SoMDNews, Smithsonian to time travel into the future with new exhibit

Amaze Lab, “The Tree of Death” (which we call manzanillos in Panama)

BBC, Peruvian family dog turns out to be Andean fox

Haugen, Witness to Facebook turning a blind eye to disinformation

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The National Border Service — SENAFRONT — distributes Panamanian flags in Darien’s La Palma district. This branch of Panamanian law enforcement talks about instilling patriotic fervor, but it’s more basic than that. They want people to think that they are Panamanians who live IN PANAMA, not accidental residents who live in some “gap” between Panama and somewhere else. Moreover, there is the hope that the normal reaction when some armed band that isn’t SENAFRONT comes through the neighborhood, Darien residents will summon the police. SENAFRONT photo.

News / Noticias

AFP, Panama ex-president acquitted in espionage trial

TVN, Víctima de ‘pinchazos’ telefónicos advierte de amenazas

FOCO, Exfiscal panameño de Nueva York sobre la extradición de los Martinelli

La Estrella, Cortizo sanciona ley de transparencia fiscal internacional

The Guardian, Scrutiny for Mexico after arrest in NSO spyware case

NDTV, Pegasus spyware maker’s ceo-designate quits over US blacklist

Americas Quarterly, How Latin America reacted to Nicaragua

AP, UN: more than 84 million displaced people worldwide

Opinion / Opiniones

Drew, The Democrats’ debacle

Jackson, On war and drugs

Hightower, AI that will bite us in the butt

Heine, The United States should compete rather than block China

Castro, Cuba: el pueblo retoma la iniciativa

Batista Guevara, Justicia Putrefacta en Panamá

Libertad Ciuadana, Impunidad en el caso Martinelli

de Obaldía, ¿Impunidad en el sistema o sistema de impunidad?

Turner, Inconsistencia de un país de carbono negativo

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Culture / Cultura

BBC, La poderosa influencia de las Canarias en el español caribeño

Mecott Moreno, Flores y mariposas saltarinas

Markowitz, Are people lying more since the rise of social media and smartphones?

US Soccer Players, Panama in 4th-place

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To view the video click on https://twitter.com/i/status/1456743592802856968

 

 

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New growth forests and our water supply

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water sample
STRI scientist Kristin Saltonstall takes a water sample during an overhaul at the Pedro Miguel Locks. During the dry season cattle congregate in creek beds in the Panama Canal watershed, both to find water and to get some shade. The feces they leave there and the mud their hooves churn up affect the bacteria count and general water quality in canal waters generally, such that you can see the effect in the locks. Photo by Jorge Alemán — STRI.

Secondary forests restore fresh water sources in degraded landscapes

by the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute — STRI

New research, published in Scientific Reports by Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) postdoctoral fellow Karina Chavarria and colleagues, shows that bacterial communities in streams adjacent to young secondary forests recover to resemble those of mature forest streams in as little as a decade after cattle has been removed from the land, and that these communities are robust throughout the year.

These results come at a critical time. 2021 marks the beginning of the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, which aims to prevent, halt and reverse the degradation of ecosystems worldwide. The Agua Salud Project, a collaboration with the Panama Canal Authority and the Ministry of the Environment in Panama, and where this research took place, is one of the many initiatives at STRI aimed at understanding the drivers and consequences of environmental change.

Lessons learned from long term studies of forest ecosystems across different land uses and extreme weather events at Agua Salud inform our ability to restore and maintain tropical forests. With its various streams and rivers distributed throughout hundreds of hectares, Agua Salud also offers a unique platform for hydrological studies.

Water is a key resource for life on earth. People rely on streams and lakes for food and recreation. Microbes are less appreciated constituents of aquatic systems but are behind-the-scenes engineers that ensure water quality by cycling nutrients and energy. When streams become polluted or surrounding landscapes are degraded, microbial communities shift, risking their ability to help maintain natural processes and often allowing harmful bacteria to flourish.

Chavarria and colleagues took weekly samples from streams surrounded by mature forest, young secondary forest, silvo- and traditional pasture over a two-year period at STRI’s Agua Salud site. They measured different aspects of water quality, and filtered water samples to extract and sequence the bacterial DNA in these streams.

They found similar communities in streams surrounded by young secondary and mature forests but different, less diverse communities in the cattle pasture stream. Notably, the bacterial community in the silvopasture stream shifted seasonally, with the wet season bacterial community being like the forests and the dry season community similar to the traditional pasture.

“Riparian forest helps to protect the silvopasture stream from the impacts of cattle in the wet season but in the dry season, when cows congregate in the stream to drink and seek shade as a way of avoiding the scorching sun, increased disturbance and fecal inputs make the bacterial community in the water more like that of traditional cattle pastures,” said STRI staff scientist Kristin Saltonstall, Chavarria’s advisor and collaborator on the project.

“It is important that cattle not access the streams, and that their drinking water is provided up slope during the dry season to ensure year-round water quality,” said Jefferson Hall, the director of Agua Salud and a collaborator on the project.

Silvopasture systems, where trees are planted on traditional cattle pastures and forest corridors are often maintained along streams, have gained a lot of attention in recent years. While the jury may still be out as to whether these systems provide all the environmental benefits claimed by promoters, it is clear that having a forest buffer around the stream is beneficial with respect to water quality and stream water bacterial communities.

“Our results add an important dimension to the growing body of research on the ability of biodiversity associated with young tropical secondary forests to recover rapidly, with implications for human health as well as a healthy environment,” said Chavarria.

Mitigation efforts taken during this Decade of Ecosystem Restoration will determine our quality of life for generations to come. Chavarria’s research provides hope, showing that passive reforestation, where forests are allowed to recover after cattle are removed, can restore many aspects of water quality in a matter of years. Studies such as this provide much needed data and demonstrate how science can inform policy and practice, contributing to a sustainable planet.

 

 

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Beluche, ¿Por qué un día como hoy en 1821?

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Escultura que representa a Rufina Alfaro en La Villa de Los Santos. Foto del Cuerpo de Bomberos.

¿Por qué la Villa de Los Santos declaró primero la independencia de España?

por Olmedo Beluche

El proceso de independencia hispanoamericano de España constituyó una revolución social y política que inició como demandas parciales que se fueron radicalizando en la medida en que el régimen monárquico se negó a aceptar reformas elementales. La independencia no partió, como ahora erradamente se pinta, por el “anhelo de constituir una nación” o naciones preconcebidas por los próceres.

La incapacidad de la monarquía española de aceptar mínimas medidas democráticas y sociales, que eran elementales pues los criollos no eran una clase muy revolucionaria, sino que temían a la revuelta de las clases explotadas (los pardos, los esclavos negros y los “indios”), la que va a terminar produciendo la independencia como culminación de una larga guerra civil de más de diez años. Al respecto recomendamos nuestro ensayo: Independencia hispanoamericana y lucha de clases[i].

La independencia NO nace del “sentimiento nacional” (mexicano, colombiano, argentino, panameño, etc.), pues las naciones como las conocemos hoy no existían, ni tampoco se entendía por el concepto nación lo mismo que se entiende hoy. La nación era sinónimo del estado y todo su aparato institucional, cuya cabeza era la monarquía en la figura del rey, y del lado de acá del océano el virrey y demás instituciones.

Como identidades referenciales en el imaginario de la gente era más poderoso el peso de los gobiernos locales o municipales, a través del cabildo de las ciudades y la región circundante. Por eso en la primera fase de la independencia, llamada de la “patria boba” en Colombia (1810-14), se constituyeron “repúblicas” por cabildos (como la de Cundinamarca, p.e.) y luego una Federación que era la suma de las repúblicas o ciudades o cabildos.

Las naciones hispanoamericanas como las conocemos hoy no empezaron a forjarse sino con posterioridad a 1825, culminada la independencia, y en muchos casos el proceso no terminó sino hasta la segunda mitad del siglo XIX.

En el caso de Panamá, en 1821, el peso de los cabildos era importante, de ahí que no hay una proclama de independencia de la “nación panameña”, inexistente en el imaginario popular en ese momento. Por eso las proclamas de independencia son fraccionadas por pueblos o ciudades, muchas veces con intereses contrapuestos entre sí. Hasta bien entrado el siglo XIX, las identidades en el istmo de Panamá estaban divididas políticamente en dos grandes regiones: Veraguas (el interior) y Panamá (la zona de tránsito).

A su vez, el “interior” veía chocar intereses sociales, económicos (e identidades) diferenciados y contrapuestos entre Veraguas, representada por las grandes familias latifundistas y conservadoras (como los Fábrega), y la región de Azuero, constituida por pequeños y medianos campesinos políticamente afines al liberalismo.

El Grito de la Villa de Los Santos, de 10 de noviembre de 1821, es ante todo una sublevación campesina contra los impuestos excesivos por parte de la Corona, y en particular contra el avituallamiento del ejército realista a costa de la producción campesina, que era saqueada para ese fin y la leva de jóvenes destinados al reclutamiento forzoso. De manera que se dejaba al campo sin producción y sin fuerza de trabajo.

El Grito de 1821 fue la primera de una serie de múltiples revoluciones campesinas que estremecieron a la región de Azuero a lo largo del siglo XIX contra los impuestos y las arbitrariedades de los terratenientes de Veraguas-Coclé.

A su vez, el Grito es la expresión de una guerra civil campesina que se fue configurando en el Istmo de Panamá, desde fines del siglo XVIII, con el robo de las tierras de los resguardos indígenas por parte de los terratenientes ganaderos (al respecto recomiendo el último libro del Prof. Mario Molina[ii]), que produce múltiples sublevaciones campesino indígenas (tanto ngäbes-buglés, como dules) y cuya culminación va a ser la Guerra de los Mil Días dirigida por Victoriano Lorenzo.

El Grito de La Villa, la historia oficial lo vincula a “sentimientos patrióticos”, pero su móvil real e inmediato fue el descontento del campesinado pobre contra el avituallamiento y reclutamiento forzoso del ejército español cada vez que marchaba a combatir a los independentistas en Sudamérica. El historiador Alfredo Castillero C. aporta nueva información que permite establecer que, en octubre de 1821, el capitán general Mourgeon impuso las últimas contribuciones forzosas de ganado y otros bienes a las cofradías, antes de partir con su ejército hacia Ecuador.

El descontento campesino da lugar a una proclama del natariego Francisco Gómez Miró seguida del pronunciamiento del Cabildo de Los Santos dirigido por Segundo Villarreal, y es lo que explica que aquella región fuera la vanguardia en la independencia panameña[iii].

Araúz y Pizzurno[iv] reproducen la carta que los santeños dirigieron a Simón Bolívar en las que explican las razones de su movimiento en los siguientes términos: “una continua extracción de crecidas sacas desoladoras de sus vecinos para el servicio de las armas, y una ruinosa contribución forzada del numerario; de modo que se aniquilaban nuestras fuerzas y nos dejaban exhaustos de metálico de que seguía la destrucción general de las labores del campo: falta de brazos para el trabajo de nuestra corta agricultura y una carestía y escasez de todo lo necesario para la subsistencia”.

La carta a Bolívar de los santeños de 1821 desmiente la pretensión de algunos de que, a ese momento, los habitantes del Istmo tendrían una concepción de la “nacionalidad panameña” y una posibilidad de constituir un estado nacional independiente.

Leemos en el libro de Araúz y Pizzurno (Pág. 266), otro fragmento de la carta a Bolívar: “Sostenían que todos seguían ‘las huellas del Estado Colombiano decididos a seguir el mismo orden que nos fuere conveniente o adaptable a nuestro país…”, para lo cual, “se pusieron ‘bajo los auspicios de Bolívar'”.

Como evidencia de las diferencias políticas y sociales que vivían los istmeños de 1821, y no la falsa “unidad nacional” que pinta la historia oficial, los historiadores Araúz y Pizzurno, previamente han citado las prevenciones que los santeños lanzaron contra el general José de Fábrega, en ese momento máxima autoridad de la monarquía y del ejército realista, conspicuo miembro de la familia latifundista más prominente de Veraguas, aliado de los comerciantes capitalinos.

Como moraleja metodológica es importante recordar que las clases sociales, con sus intereses contrapuestos existen antes que las naciones, entendidas como estados nacionales; y que, con posterioridad al nacimiento de las naciones modernos (en el siglo XIX), las clases sociales siguen existiendo. Por ello, suele incurrir en error quien crea que en algún momento los habitantes de un país actúen movidos por la “unidad nacional”. Siempre hay intereses de clases y proyectos políticos contrapuestos.

 

[i] Beluche, Olmedo. Independencia y hispanoamericana y lucha de clases. Segunda Edición corregida y aumentada. Editorial Cultural Portobelo. Biblioteca de Autores Panameños No. 164. Panamá, 2012.
[ii] Molina Castillo, Mario José. Chiriquí en sus fronteras de producción. Migraciones, poblamiento y evolución urbana e industrial, 1750-1950. Impresos Modernos. Panamá, 2014.
[iii] Castillero Calvo, Alfredo. La independencia de 1821. Una nueva interpretación. En: Historia General de Panamá. Volumen II. El Siglo XIX. Comité Nacional del Centenario. Panamá, 2004.
[iv] Araúz, Celestino Andrés y Pizzurno, Patricia. El Panamá hispano (1501 – 1821). Tercera Edición Diario La Prensa. Panamá, 1997.
 

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Editorials: Gangster PEP; and Several steps beyond

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police picture
A “trophy photo” from the National Police Twitter feed, said to be the getaway car from the gangland massacre at a hip hop party at the Casco Viejo’s Espacio Panama. Five people, including one employee of the National Assembly, were killed in that event. Another seven were wounded. So why did the police see fit to hide the license plate in this photo? Social media rumors, which The Panama News has been unable to confirm or refute, have it that this was a legislator’s car. The police have been forthcoming with neither a confirmation nor a denial of such talk.

One of those “failed states?”

That sort of rhetoric generally comes from the north, and is usually an epithet from some Washington warmonger urging US military action against some small country. Even the notion of Uncle Sam as this authoritarian teacher handing out grades to other countries is odious.

In its original political science meaning, the phrase means a country whose government is so weak that criminals move in to effectively hold power.

Like warlordism in the periphery of Colombia? Nope, can’t say that in Washington. Colombia, and its death squad allied politicians, are a US ally. But if the left wins our next door neighbors’ presidential elections, it’s quite predictable that there will be all these “failed state” narratives spinning out of Washington. It might end up with Howard being used as a military / mercenary “forward operating location” for strong-arm attempts to alter the situation, which would be very destabilizing for Panama.

But step back from all the US nonsense and double standards, and look at Panama.

In one 24-hour period of late October, there were three spectacular gang violence stories here. There was the Halloween regueton party that turned into a gang shoot-out. Three bodies were found dumped on Cerro Patacon. In Betania a car bearing a reputed leader of the Calor Calor gang was ambushed, wounding three people, including a baby. One of the dead worked for the National Assembly. Another of the dead worked for the Presidencia. One of the wounded also worked for the National Assembly.

Surely somebody will object that it’s “blaming the victim” to point these things out. But these are not the first incidents to suggest gangland infiltration into and influence upon the Panamanian government.

Do we let the gringos solve it? Like the US government “solved” the gang rule issue in Haiti?

Panama has a problem that Panamanians must solve. Easier said than done, but we can’t get started on a solution without admitting that the problem is there.

  

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In THIS violent video tweet — we have not set up the video to watch, but if that’s your pleasure you can look it up — GOP Representative Paul Glosar of Arizona not only fantasizes about beheading his colleague Alexandria Ocasio-Cortéz., but also fantasizes about going after President Biden with swords. Used to be, any such suggestion of violence against a US president would bring on an unfriendly visit from the Secret Service. The video was watched by more than three million people in the first 24 hours after it was posted. Surely some of those viewers are armed, dangerously crazy and prone to doing foolish things that are suggested to them.

It is the Way of The Ninja…

Also, the traditions of the US House of Representatives. Whether you want to look at the norms of House decorum or the Code of Bushido, there are stern penalties that may be imposed for Paul Glosar’s adolescent murder fantasies about leaders of the party he opposes.

But the serene Buddha has a better way, a Middle Path. Register, vote, and if possible remove Glosar at the next opportunity. Even if his district is so gerrymandered that he can’t be defeated, trounce his party so badly that his status among his colleagues is reduced from annoying pest to irrelevant outcast.

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Bruce Lee graphic by 罗一丁.

     It is not a daily increase, but a daily decrease. Hack away at the inessentials.

Bruce Lee     

Bear in mind…

Never allow a person to say no who doesn’t have the power to say yes.

Eleanor Roosevelt

The key to success is action, and the essential in action is perseverance.

Sun Yat-sen

To gain what is worth having, it may be necessary to lose everything else.

Bernadette Devlin McAliskey

  

 

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Greenpeace, Glasgow summit draft declaration omits fossil fuels phaseout

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flush
Photo by Mike Langringe.

Glasgow first draft text is exceptionally weak

by Greenpeace International

The first draft of the Glasgow final decision text at COP26 completely fails to mention fossil fuels, despite expert consensus on the need to end new coal, oil and gas immediately to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement 1.5C goal.

Thanks to blocking by fossil fuel interests, the first version of the official text, published by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, fails to acknowledge that fossil fuels are driving the climate crisis, nor does it make any commitment to tangible actions to end global reliance on coal, oil and gas. The text is just 850 words long.

Campaigners are gravely concerned because ordinarily, the first draft of a COP text is relatively ambitious, and becomes weaker over the second week as countries work in caveats for themselves. For the first draft to be so weak does not bode well.

This glaring omission comes despite the fact that experts at the International Energy Agency have made clear there can be no new fossil fuel projects, beyond those already underway this year, if we’re to deliver the goal of keeping global temperature rise to 1.5C. And after the most recent IPCC report the UN Secretary General has said that the latest climate science must sound a “death knell for fossil fuels” and that countries should end all new fossil fuel exploration and production.

Campaigners are calling on negotiators to stand up to fossil fuel producing countries like Saudi Arabia and Australia, which have blocked fossil fuel reduction even being mentioned in the last 25 COP texts and are crippling ambition in the negotiations at Glasgow. The key markers of success for the week ahead are as follows:

  • Glasgow talks must limit global temperature rise to 1.5C, or leaders will be signing a death notice for many countries, not a climate pact.
  • The text of the agreement must commit to the phaseout of fossil fuels, or it will not achieve the 1.5C goal.
  • Getting there means: no cheating, no loopholes, no offset scams, and no greenwash.
  • Governments must isolate Saudi Arabia, Australia and Brazil, a loophole champion, and climate vulnerable countries must be supported.

Jennifer Morgan, Executive Director of Greenpeace International, has been to every COP and every time the mention of fossil fuels has been blocked by the same countries. She said: “What’s very concerning here in Glasgow is that the first draft of the climate pact text is already exceptionally weak. Usually the text starts with some ambition, which then gets watered down. “To keep 1.5 alive, four words must be added: ‘fossil fuels phase out’, and countries must come back next year to close the gap.”

Edwin Namakanga, aged 27, from Uganda is a climate activist from Fridays for Future, Most Affected People and Areas, who arrived at COP on board the Greenpeace Rainbow Warrior ship last week, with a message for world leaders: stop failing us.

Edwin said: “In my lifetime I’ve seen first hand the destructive impact of the climate crisis, which everyone knows is driven by fossil fuels.

“The result from Glasgow must be the end of new fossil fuels, and there must be proper financial support for countries in the Global South. We need solidarity and just transition to renewable energy, because anything less is a death sentence for whole peoples, countries and areas.”

Kate Blagojevic, Greenpeace UK’s head of climate, said: “The UK Presidency has let the most vulnerable nations down by supporting such a weak first draft text. Alok Sharma can still fix this and insist world leaders up their game through stronger commitments on phasing out fossil fuels and significantly increasing pledges on adaptation finance in the next draft. And that action can start in the UK today by ruling out all new fossil fuel projects, including the Cambo oil field, and making sure the UK’s climate finance contributions don’t eat into the aid budget.”

Negotiators at COP26 have just five more days to reach an agreement which will inform how countries tackle the climate crisis, and will seek to nail down a final text for countries to sign.

At the halfway point of the talks, countries have so far announced a string of voluntary agreements that contain vague language and big loopholes.

Last week the Taskforce for Scaling Voluntary Carbon Markets, put forward by UN Special Envoy on Climate Action and Finance, and former Bank of England governor, Mark Carney, was widely criticized as a greenwash operation, including by Greta Thunberg. On Wednesday Greenpeace activists staged a protest to disrupt the launch event, and ensure the Taskforce does not press ahead unchecked.

Over the weekend, Saudi Arabia came under fire for trying to block the creation of any ‘cover decision’ for the final text whatsoever, for deleting references and for trying to block efforts to achieve progress on adaptation. A key pillar of the Paris Agreement, adaptation is the effort to help millions of people around the world cope with the impacts of rising temperatures. Lack of progress on adaptation would make it difficult for vulnerable countries, including the African block of nations, to embrace any final agreement, making success at COP26 less likely.

And the Saudi government has already tried to influence the wording of a landmark UN climate science report, due out in March next year. The BBC and Unearthed revealed that representatives from the Saudi oil ministry pushed the authors of the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report on mitigation to remove a reference to published literature that found fossil fuels need to be phased out if we’re to avoid the worst effects of climate change. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is one of the world’s biggest oil exporters.

And today [Monday] Global Witness revealed that there are more delegates at COP26 associated with the fossil fuel industry than from any single country. Fossil fuel activists outnumber the UNFCCC’s official indigenous constituency by almost two to one.

Given that the next two conferences will be held in Egypt and then the United Arab Emirates, campaigners fear that it’s crunch time for getting the COP text to commit to fossil fuel phaseout.

Arshak Makichyian, aged 27, is a Russian activist who is attending COP26. He said: “It is astonishing to me that in all these years that world leaders have had to deliver the big solution to climate change – over my whole life – not once have they mentioned the cause of the problem. My future is resting on just 850 words – but we need four more: phase out fossil fuels.

“What the hell have they been doing? We are out of time. Glasgow must mean a total and immediate fossil fuel phaseout. That’s it.”

 

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A business micro-climate at a glance

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From the food court
View from the food court upstairs from Super 99 into the backlit beyond of Coronado and Las Lajas, photo taken about 11 o’clock on a Sunday morning. In the glare what you can’t see is a usual sign of a slow economy, a series of empty billboards along the Pan-American Highway. In this neck of the woods that mean a shortage of businesses with the money to rent billboards and things to offer for sale to upscale customers.

What you see and what you don’t

Panama by bus, with photos and story by Eric Jackson

Behind this reporter, and to his left, what you don’t see are all the closed businesses on the second floor (third, US-style) of the Coronado Mall. Is Sunday business just too slow for the family running the last food outlet up there, or are they gone for good. They were the ones braving it through the pandemic, and when possible I had made a habit — even before the virus arrived — of getting some shiu-mai dumplings there. To my right the little children’s ride area has been out of operation for a long time, but some of the rides have been moved downstairs and kids are using them, which suggests that the business just retreated but did not close in the face of adversity.

Get into my political science education about polling, and it warns that on a Sunday when traffic is heavy with cars headed back to the city will not be a “random” time to look at Coronado. I encountered fewer vendors there than usual, and the charity children’s toy sale guys left early, too. 

Super 99 was not understaffed — Ricky Martinelli wants to be president again. At the dollar store, they were squeezing the aisle to add another row of shelves, and had changed the merchandise around a bit, with extra employees completing this labor — is there a new franchise owner? And Mailboxes Etc. has moved from across the street — new ownership there, too?

The informal sector? Not as many fruit and vegetable vendors — those proliferated earlier, into a market glut. A lady taking a break in her stall, with her jewelry pliers at the ready. The percentage of female vendors is up, and micro-manufactures are up as against the agricultural sector.

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Small formal businesses, and little branches of substantially larger enterprises like banks, are moving around. Some are closed, some have been sold to new owners who then moved to other nearby venues. One gathers that the landlords of business properties have been taking a beating in these times. There have to be a thousand reasons for the moves — landlords thinking about recovering from plague time losses by jacking up the rent, all manner of inducements to attract tenants away from the competition, new calculations about old business or political ties….

There are some hopes for tourism, but when the bus turns into Farallon to drop off a family of passengers, there just aren’t very many at Decameron. Same as stops at Playa Blanca. That said, a year ago such turn were much rarer than they were now. Tourism as the salvation of Panama? Perhaps, but it’s not going very well just yet.

If Nito declares an end to the emergency before the usual peak tourism season hits, and if this new pill that’s said to cut the chances of death way down from its current one and one-half percent proves as good as promised, perhaps we will see the return of dry season tourism in the months to come. Lingering fears, beaten down fortunes and all the real or imaginary concerns about red tape may work against that. But you just know that there are millions in the Global North aching to just fly away, eager to go to the sun for a few days or weeks of vacation.

Shopping tourists? The plasto-shoppers might as well go to the unmasked and unvaccinated malls of Miami for their Asian imports. But the adventurous tourists in search of cool Panamanian handicrafts will likely find unusually large selections by craftswomen — mostly women, but also some men — who have been producing throughout the epidemic but finding few customer. (Get me slightly ahead in the financial resources and one might be me. It has been more than two years since I have been chacara shopping and even longer since I have been to Santa Fe de Veraguas. MAYBE the handicrafts market near the Father Gallego monument is still there and would have just the replacement for my departed humongous Bugle-style bag.) Perhaps you might find that in the artisans’ market stalls in Panama City, but if you’re a tourist getting out into the Interior, to Santa Fe and El Valle and Tole and all the other places where people sell their craftworks, is a big part of the fun.

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THIS PHOTO is from an ad. The corporate chain convenience stores where you can grab a bite to eat are proliferating during the epidemic, while the restaurants and merchants that were organized as small formal businesses have been disappearing.

So, what’s this scientifically non-random and regionally small survey in the eyes of a guy just passing through by bus? A tiny crust of big businesses have made out like bandits — in some cases actually HAVE BEEN bandits — in these troubled times. Almost everyone else has suffered. Those with payrolls to meet, obligations to permanent employees and Seguro Social reports to file along with payments? Some will use political connections to cut the sharp corners, some will take their chances at evasions that they could not evade. But many a small business owned by someone who tried awfully hard to play by the rules and do right for employees is going or more often gone. It has been a terrible massacre and you can see it at a glance, zooming by on a coaster.

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This reporter does not weep for the advertising cartel. But the shortage of customers is bad news for Panamanians of most walks of life. These are hard times.

 

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It’s pretty, but it’s the bane of many an old flower child

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paja canalera
Are old hippies senior flower children? That may be, but don’t be a baby when this stuff goes into bloom and makes you sneeze and cry. Archive photo by Eric Jackson.

Doctor, am I going to die?

Panama by bus, with Eric Jackson

All masked up, on a full Coaster, the little after 9 a.m. bus that heads from up the back entrance toward El Valle, through San Juan de Dios and has few seats left by the time that it gets to Juan Diaz, turns left at the highway and goes on to Panama City. I’m just headed to Coronado on this Sunday morning.

A little past the center of Rio Hato I start in on a sneezing fit.

Oh no! Have I caught The Virus? Am I going to die?

I can imagine going to the doctor about it:

‘Doc, am I gonna die?’

‘Of course. We all do.’

‘OH NO! I’m indispensable! Who’s gonna feed the cats and dogs? Sob… Wail…’

‘If you keep keep up with this hypochondriac whining, I could give you a really painful shot that might make you die a bit more slowly….’

The paranoiac ideation is interrupted by a glance out the window. In most places along my route it has yet to blossom, but the paja canalera is blooming, its white flowers giving off pollen, along this stretch.

The move from Michigan spared me the hay fever misery of goldenrod and ragweed. But here my allergies kick in from that invasive Southeast Asian weed that was brought into the old Canal Zone way back when, with several origin stories about it – the elephant grass, the paja canalera, Saccharum spontaneum L. As in, it’s getting into the season when by eyes water and I sneeze a lot, but they won’t have to intubate me just yet.

 

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¿Wappin? A soulful set from The Crossroads of The World

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bulker in he canal, from the Biomuseo
A bulker in the canal, taken from the Biomuseo. Archive photo by Eric Jackson.

Nuestra selección del Día de Colón
Our Colon Day set

Lord Cobra – Colón Colón
https://youtu.be/4Xvx_XrHSEU

Adele – Rolling in the Deep
https://youtu.be/AzynPO9pidM

Peter Tosh – Burial
https://youtu.be/eirblXMl30s

Rosario Flores & El Cigala – Te quiero, te quiero
https://youtu.be/RTgDZapqHVI

Erika Ender – Te Conozco De Antes
https://youtu.be/-uc9_TuB-zk

Temptations – I Wish It Would Rain
https://youtu.be/v7SRPN-UBHE

Yomira John – Madre Tierra
https://youtu.be/tuwAnf2pop0

Percy Sledge – When a Man Loves a Woman
https://youtu.be/6meW-K-1e7Q

Natalia Lafourcade – La Llorona
https://youtu.be/HD4zaYWH09Q

Patti Smith – Because The Night
https://youtu.be/uoGdx3I3dPE

The Chi-Lites – Oh Girl
https://youtu.be/LwjsVD23Z3E

Tracy Chapman – Baby Can I Hold You
https://youtu.be/QvYSckKSL5g

Ben E. King – Stand by Me
https://youtu.be/eJ4i-QbXG54

Carlos Martínez – Los Barcos en la Bahia
https://youtu.be/_1j6pWc8MMA

Susana Baca – Concierto Maestra Vida
https://youtu.be/pHrCTbdUraU

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Greta Thunberg didn’t come out of just nowhere

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Greta
Greta Thunberg, speaking to some 10,000 people in Lausanne, Switzerland in 2020. Photo by Markus Schweizer.

Greta Thunberg emerged from five decades of environmental youth activism in Sweden

by Björn Lundberg, Lund University and David Larsson Heidenblad, Lund University

After 18 months of digital campaigning, young people are again taking to the streets demanding climate justice, with attention now directed at the UN climate summit in Glasgow and a protest march on November 5.

When a 15-year-old Greta Thunberg began her Skolstrejk för klimatet (school strike for climate) outside the Swedish parliament in 2018, few would have guessed that her initiative would spur worldwide protests. Due to its rapid international impact, this movement has been described as a new form of political mobilization, but such generalizations fail to consider the much longer history of young people’s global awareness and action. As historians who have researched environmental youth activism in Sweden “before Greta,” we argue that what you see today is rooted in a Scandinavian tradition of youth empowerment and global awareness.

We first want to note that children’s participation in social and political issues has been facilitated by specific notions of childhood in the Nordic countries. The idea of the autonomous and competent child has been described by researchers as a characteristic feature of the “Nordic model of childhood,” influencing child rearing and public policy for several decades. While the elements of this model are not unique to the region, the notion has had a lasting impact upon several generations of Swedish children, teaching them the value of independence and to make their voices heard.

There has also been a long-standing ambition in Sweden to foster young people’s global consciousness. Today, climate change dominates the political agenda, but this is not the first global issue to engage young people. In the early post-war era, children and young people played a key role when development aid became a new area of Swedish foreign policy. Polls showed that young people were more susceptible to the message of international solidarity than older generations and thus became crucial target groups for efforts to raise popular support for aid policy.

Older people on trial

With the emergence of modern environmentalism and the “ecological turn” around 1970, when knowledge of a global environmental crisis became more widespread, children and young people were mobilized to take action.

One of the first major Swedish initiatives was the campaign “Front against environmental degradation,” launched by insurance company Folksam in 1968. The corporation had strong ties to the social democratic government and launched a national competition where young people were given the task of documenting environmental problems in their local communities. These inventories formed the basis for a series of public hearings in 1969, where young people put an older generation of politicians, public officials and industry leaders against the wall. With an average attendance of 500 people, these hearings were considered a public success.

Poster of young man in trilby beside sloganAnders Ericsson of the Folksam Youth Committee, presenting the campaign Front mot miljöförstöringen (Front against environmental degradation). Folksam journal, no. 1, 1969, Author provided

From a contemporary viewpoint, the young interrogators’ demands for clean air and sewage treatment appear modest, but during the campaign finale – an “environmental parliament” in January 1970 – the Swedish minister of agriculture considered it ungrateful of the younger generation to demand change too rapidly. With stubborn and tireless work, he argued, further environmental destruction would be prevented in due time.

Youth-led activism

Modern Swedish history provides several examples of youth-led activism on global issues. While the Folksam initiative was adult-organized, other campaigns and initiatives have relied on self-organization by the younger generation. An early example of this was Fältbiologerna (literally: “the field biologists”), the youth division of the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, which became a hotbed for environmental activism.

In addition to hiking in the wilderness, the field biologists started to demonstrate and make spectacular direct actions. They marched under banners such as “killing nature is suicide” and “your children protest against your short-termism.” In the early 1970s, they mailed disposable bottles and cans to the authorities, to spur a transition to recycling.

People wearing placards with anti-airport slogansField biologists protest the construction of Sturup Airport, late 1960s. Private collection of former field biologist Olle Nordell, Author provided.

Another striking example was the annual campaign Operation Dagsverke, “operation day’s work,” that emerged in the early 1960s. Led by rather loosely organized student unions, the campaign expanded rapidly and soon involved tens of thousands of schoolchildren, raising money for projects in the global south.

This campaign relied on two of the main resources that children have often mobilized in efforts to create change: time and spontaneous activity. By dedicating an entire day for fundraising, children took time off from school to invest in the future of humanity – a line of thought that has also been important in the school strike movement. The field biologists and operation day’s work both included a kind of age-integration, where older teenagers organized and coordinated the efforts of younger children, a feature that they share with contemporary activism.

A year after Greta Thunberg began protesting outside the Swedish parliament, climate protests took place globally and she was named “person of the year” by Time magazine. This impact was rendered possible by digital technology and social media platforms, but the emergence of this movement should also be understood against the backdrop of a more than 50-year-old political culture of environmental youth activism.


COP26: the world's biggest climate talks

 

This story is part of The Conversation’s coverage on COP26, the Glasgow climate conference, by experts from around the world.
Amid a rising tide of climate news and stories, The Conversation is here to clear the air and make sure you get information you can trust. More. The Conversation

Björn Lundberg, Researcher, History, Lund University and David Larsson Heidenblad, Associate Professor, History, Lund University

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

 

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