Celebrating a prison sentence? That’s rude. But an end to impunity wouldn’t be. ¿Celebrando una condena de prisión? Eso es de malas modas. Pero el fin de la impunidad no lo sería.
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Who will be the queen of this year’s Toro Guapo Festival?
photos and note by Eric Jackson
Anton is a huge, sprawling municipal district in Cocle province. It has a Millionaires’ Row in El Valle and pockets of desperately poor former fishing villagers who have been pushed off of the beaches, out of that living and north of the highway. It has beach resorts old and new with a little airport that has US military roots. These days some government wag wishfully dubbed a “riviera.” Part of it, the town of Rio Hato, was founded by freed slaves. There are still a lot of farms and ranches there, making a go of it in uncertain times. The race for queen of the Toro Guapo Festival — where the parades include these stylized handsome bulls, the popular culture plays out on a stage in front of City Hall, facing the main plaza and the Catholic Church and the revelry is both raucous and relatively tame — is a big deal.
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US Supreme Court Justice Samuel Alito, center, and hedge fund billionaire Paul Singer, right, hold king salmon during a 2008 fishing trip in Alaska. The Student Borrower Protection Center said the right-wing justice “must immediately recuse” due to his ties to a billionaire with connections to opponents of student debt relief. Photo obtained by ProPublica.
‘This is corruption’: Alito urged to recuse from student debt cases over billionaire ties
by Jake Johnson — Common Dreams
US Supreme Court Justice Samuel Alito on Wednesday faced calls to recuse himself from two high-profile cases that will soon decide the fate of President Joe Biden’s student debt cancellation plan after a ProPublica report revealed the judge’s ties to Paul Singer, a billionaire with financial connections to right-wing groups backing efforts to block relief for tens of millions of borrowers.
In a letter to Alito on Wednesday, the Student Borrower Protection Center (SBPC) noted that Singer—a hedge fund tycoon whose private jet flew Alito to Alaska for a fishing trip in 2008—has “direct and indirect financial ties” to parties in Biden v. Nebraska and US Department of Education v. Brown, cases brought by opponents of student debt cancellation.
“The US Department of Education v. Brown litigants, student loan borrowers named Myra Brown and Alexander Taylor, were identified by a shadowy nonprofit organization known as the Job Creators Network,” SBPC’s letter states. “This entity, which advocates for extreme, right-wing positions on a range of issues, has been the recipient of an undisclosed amount of financial support from right-wing donors and has used these resources to publicly wage the legal fight to dismantle student debt relief.”
SBPC’s letter points out that the Judicial Crisis Network—a right-wing group that counts Singer as a major donor—”has provided at least $150,000 in direct financial support to the Job Creators Network since 2015, including $50,000 in 2020.”
“Dark money moves in the shadows. Alito’s SCOTUS gutted any guardrails around money in politics,” said Mike Pierce, SBPC’s executive director. “We don’t know everywhere Singer’s billions flow. But we do know that Singer has been linked to the Judicial Crisis Network.”
Additionally, the group’s letter highlights the fact that the Manhattan Institute—a conservative think tank whose board of trustees Singer chairs—”filed a consolidated amicus curiae brief urging the Supreme Court to strike down student debt relief.”
“Taken together, these direct and indirect ties to parties and amici in these lawsuits raise significant questions about your ability to remain impartial, particularly given your documented history as a beneficiary of Mr. Singer’s largesse,” reads the new letter to Alito. “There is only one path forward: you must recuse yourself in both Brown and Nebraska.”
[BREAKING] Building on @propublica's bombshell exposing Justice Alito's ties to billionaire investor Paul Singer, we dug into Singer's support for litigants in the SCOTUS student debt relief cases.
— Student Borrower Protection Center (@theSBPC) June 21, 2023
The letter was sent hours after ProPublica published a bombshell story on Alito’s previously undisclosed 2008 trip to Alaska on Singer’s private jet—an excursion organized by Leonard Leo, the longtime head of the Federalist Society who has played a central role in the rightward shift of the US judiciary. Following the 2008 trip, Alito did not recuse from cases involving Singer’s hedge fund.
ProPublica’s reporting prompted fresh outcry over the Supreme Court’s lack of a binding code of ethics, which has opened the door to what critics say is flagrant corruption. In April, ProPublica revealed that Justice Clarence Thomas has been secretly accepting luxury trips from conservative billionaire Harlan Crow, also a right-wing megadonor, for more than two decades.
“The Supreme Court is mired in an ethical catastrophe that threatens its fundamental credibility,” Brett Edkins, managing director of policy and political affairs for the progressive advocacy group Stand Up America, said in a statement Wednesday. “Once again, a conservative Supreme Court justice has been discovered to have accepted luxury travel and gifts from an ultrarich GOP donor with business before the court.”
The high court is expected to hand down its hugely consequential ruling on the Biden administration’s student debt relief plan before the end of the month as advocates work to highlight the fundamental flaws in the plaintiffs’ case for blocking relief.
During oral arguments in February, Alito joined his fellow right-wing justices in expressing skepticism over the administration’s plan, rehashing the debt cancellation opponents’ insistence that the program is unfair to those who wouldn’t directly benefit from the relief.
SBPC argued Wednesday that by Alito’s own professed ethical standards, he should not be participating in the debt relief cases.
In its letter to Alito on Wednesday, SBPC cites the judge’s statement during his 2006 confirmation process that his “personal practice” is to recuse from cases in which “any possible question might arise” regarding his impartiality.
“The appearance of corruption—your ties to Mr. Singer, and his ties to organizations with business before the court in Brown and Nebraska—clear the high ethical bar you established for yourself,” the letter states.
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From a driver’s image of a roadblock protest in eastern Chiriqui province, posted on social media.
Generic, in a way
People have a complaint with the government, and with no response, or an unacceptable one, they go block one of the country’s major traffic arteries until their complaint elicits some attention. It’s part of Panamanian political culture. It’s like that in a number of other Latin American countries, too.
The riot squad will eventually arrive, and sometimes a representative of the government to talk with those who are disrupting traffic.
What’s different now? The government’s resources are depleted, after a huge spending binge on behalf of PRD incumbents trying to get through that party’s recent primaries. In some of these cases the government has some time ago made promises to fix the public school, or make the local roads passable again, started on the work and then run out of money with jobs unfinished and contractors and workers unpaid.
It’s election year smash and grab season, with so many of those who reasonably fear to be jobless after the next change of government finding ever less to grab. “He stole, but he got things done?” More like he and a succession of others stole, and now the bills can’t be paid.
The forms of protest will remain with us, notwithstanding the calls of rash know-nothings for more violent responses. But Panama can’t go on living this way.
A pragmatic military order from way back when: the handwritten order to notify Texans that chattel slavery was over, from the US National Archives. It’s a matter of American history, and not just for black people.
An out of sorts USA on Juneteenth
On June 19, 1865, black people in Texas were told that they were no longer slaves. That minority of white Texans who had owned slaves was informed that such relationships were over.
The Emancipation Proclamation, which was at the time more an aspiration than an enforced law, had been issued some years before. The Confederate armies had been defeated and surrendered, Abraham Lincoln had been assassinated and buried and now the era of chattel slavery was at an end on that day.
If we said that Americans lived happily ever after, it would be a lie. Race relations in the United States still aren’t right. But the Juneteenth milestone is still worth remembering. It’s part of a nation’s long march toward dignity.
Indignant white supremacists were on terrible behavior, but knowing a bit of history, including that of recent years, it would be wrong to characterize it as their worst.
On social media, racists were demanding apologies from blacks for the deprivation of property that emancipation meant for white slaveowners in the middle of the 19th century. They denounced the notion that black people didn’t want to be slaves as “CRT.” They denied that there were any historic wrongs remaining to be corrected, and especially railed against any notion of reparations. Some of them have called for a new secessionist movement, a “national divorce.” Some talk about taking up arms against a “woke” US government.
Michelle Obama, the former first lady, put it in better perspective. “Juneteenth is a celebration of freedom – a chance to pay tribute to countless advocates, activists, and changemakers and the work they did to build a more perfect Union,” she wrote in her Twitter account. Her advice for its most apt celebration? Register and vote.
Which, of course, many a red state legislature is trying to make more difficult and less possible.
Juneteenth 2023 was an occasion for many to celebrate one of freedom’s milestones, but for the wiser adults of the USA it was a day to take stock of obstacles that have been interposed since that day in 1865 and to consider the next strides toward liberty and justice for all.
Bear in mind…
Although the world is full of suffering, it is full also of the overcoming of it.
Helen Keller
Science can destroy religion by ignoring it as well as by disproving its tenets. No one ever demonstrated, so far as I am aware, the non-existence of Zeus or Thor, but they have few followers now.
Arthur C. Clarke
Evil when we are in its power is not felt as evil but as a necessity, or even a duty.
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Joshua Houston leads a Juneteenth Parade in Huntsville, Texas, in a photo circa 1900. From the Sam Houston Memorial Museum and Republic of Texas Presidential Library.
Lessons for Texas lawmakers trying to erase history from the classroom
On June 19, 1865, two months after the U.S. Civil War ended, Union Gen. Gordon Granger walked onto the balcony at Ashton Villa in Galveston, Texas, and announced to the people of the state that “all slaves are free.”
If Juneteenth meant anything, it meant at least that Joshua Houston and his family were free.
Joshua Houston and his family in October 1898. Courtesy of the Sam Houston Memorial Museum and Republic of Texas Presidential Library, Huntsville, Texas.
But there was more too.
The promise of freedom meant that more work needed to be done. Families needed to be reunited. Land needed to be secured. Children needed to be educated.
Indeed, the radical promise of Juneteenth is embodied in the community activism of Joshua Houston and the educational career of his son Samuel Walker Houston.
The violent white reaction to Black political power
Within a year of Granger’s proclamation, Houston had established a blacksmith shop near the Huntsville town square and moved his family into a two-story house on the adjoining lot.
He helped found the Union Church, the first Black-owned institution in the city, as well as a freedmen’s school to begin educating African American children.
In 1878 and 1882, a Republican coalition of Black and white voters opposed to conservative Democratic rule elected Houston as the county’s first Black county commissioner, a powerful position in local governance.
Despite this dramatic turn of events, Houston’s political story was hardly unique.
In the two decades following emancipation, 52 Black men served in the state Legislature or the state’s constitutional conventions.
But that number had fallen to two by 1882.
Opposition to Black freedom had been a powerful force in the state’s political culture since emancipation.
In 1871, the violence continued when the white citizens of Huntsville stormed the county courthouse and aided the escape of three men who had lynched freedman Sam Jenkins.
In the early 1900s, changes in state election laws, including the introduction of the poll tax, effectively disenfranchised most Black voters and many poor whites as well. Voter participation dropped from roughly 85% at the high tide of Texas populism in 1896 to roughly 35% when the poll tax became effective in 1904.
As a result, Robert Lloyd Smith was the last Black legislator for nearly 70 years when he finished his term in 1897.
These changes enabled the election of Black officials such as Barbara Jordan, the first African American woman to serve in the Texas Senate.
Like father, like son
On an unknown date, a few years after Juneteenth, Joshua Houston’s son Samuel Walker Houston was born free in the bright light of Reconstruction.
Although he spent his adulthood in some of the darkest years of Jim Crow, he continued his father’s work as an educator and community leader. Following a short stint at Atlanta University in Georgia and Howard University in Washington, D.C., Samuel Walker Houston returned to Huntsville and founded a school in the nearby Galilee community.
Houston’s school was named for him and served as one of the first county training schools for African Americans in Texas. It enrolled students at every level, from first grade through high school, and provided a curriculum based on Booker T. Washington’s Tuskegee model of vocational training.
Young women at Houston’s school received training in homemaking, sewing and cooking, while young men learned carpentry, woodworking and mathematics.
By 1922, enrollment at the school had grown to 400 students, and it was recognized by contemporaries as the leading school of East Texas. In the 1930s, Houston’s school was absorbed into Huntsville’s school district, and he became the director of Black education in the county.
This 1919 photograph shows officials laying the foundation for a new building at the Samuel Walker Houston Training School. Jackson Davis Collection of African American Educational Photographs, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library.
Houston encouraged a practical education for Black Texans, but he also believed that young Texans of all races needed to learn an account of history that differed from the white supremacist narrative that dominated Southern history.
Toward this end, he joined with Joseph Clark and Ramsey Woods, two white professors who pioneered race relations courses at Sam Houston State Teachers College. Together, the group led the Texas Commission on Interracial Cooperation’s effort to evaluate Texas public school textbooks during the 1930s.
In an analysis of racial attitudes in state-endorsed textbooks, they found that 74% of books presented a racist view of the past and of Black Americans. Most excluded the scientific, literary and civic contributions of Black people, while mentioning their economic contributions only in the period of slavery before the Civil War.
Instead, the group argued, books designed for both Black and white Texans needed to take the “opportunity … to do simple justice” by including Black history and the “struggle for the exercise” of equal civil, political and legal rights.
White Texans refused to adopt a textbook in the 1930s that taught the fundamental equality of the races, or portrayed Reconstruction, as it is now widely understood, as a missed opportunity to establish a more just and egalitarian Texas.
But Houston and his white counterparts were motivated by the conviction that progress, both for African Americans and for Texas, required a more honest and progressive account of the state and its history.
The Juneteenth Parade in Huntsville, Texas, circa 1900. Sam Houston Memorial Museum and Republic of Texas Presidential Library, Huntsville, Texas.
An ongoing battle for equality
Today’s legislative efforts in Texas and elsewhere to restrict the teaching of systemic racism in public schools ignore the lessons and realities represented by Joshua and Samuel Walker Houston’s lives.
The argument used for supporting such restrictions is that “divisive concepts” like the history of racism may make some students feel uncomfortable or guilty.
In reality, the prohibition on teaching the darker chapters of our past creates a segregated history.
Instead, as Samuel Walker Houston recognized, young Texans must have a more honest account of the past and of one another to progress into a unified and egalitarian society.
Texas history is both the story of people who dedicated their lives to the work of advancing freedom and the story of powerful people and forces that stood against it.
One cannot be understood without the other.
Americans cannot appreciate the accomplishments of Joshua and Samuel Walker Houston without examining the vicious realities of Jim Crow society.
The lesson of their lives, and of the Juneteenth holiday, is that freedom is a precious thing that requires constant work to make real.
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En otoño de 2022, un tribunal alemán atendió un caso inusual. Se trataba de una demanda civil que surgió de una disputa en Twitter sobre si las personas transgénero habían sido víctimas del Holocausto. Aunque ya no hay mucho debate sobre si los gays y las lesbianas fueron perseguidos, ha habido muy pocos estudios sobre las personas trans durante este periodo.
El tribunal tomó declaración a historiadores expertos, entre los que me incluyo, antes de concluir que las pruebas históricas demuestran que las personas trans fueron, efectivamente, perseguidas por el régimen nazi.
Hasta hace pocos años, apenas se había investigado sobre las personas trans durante el nazismo. Algunos historiadores, entre los que me incluyo, estamos descubriendo ahora más casos, como el de Toni Simon.
Ser trans durante la República de Weimar
En 1933, el año en que Hitler tomó el poder, la policía de Essen (Alemania) revocó el permiso de Toni Simon para vestirse de mujer en público. Simon, que rondaba los 40 años, llevaba muchos años viviendo como mujer.
La República de Weimar, el gobierno democrático que existía antes de Hitler y que era más tolerante, reconocía los derechos de las personas trans, aunque de forma limitada y a regañadientes. Así, la policía concedía a las personas trans permisos como el que tenía Simon.
En los años 30, a las personas trans se las llamaba “travestis”, un término que hoy resulta ofensivo pero que en aquella época se aproximaba a lo que hoy se entiende por “transgénero”.
Los permisos policiales se llamaban “certificados de travesti”, y eximían a una persona de las leyes contra el travestismo. Bajo la República, las personas trans también podían cambiar de nombre legalmente, aunque tenían que elegir de una lista corta y preaprobada.
En Berlín, las personas transgénero publicaban varias revistas y tenían un club político. Algunas glamurosas mujeres trans trabajaban en el internacionalmente famoso cabaret Eldorado. El sexólogo Magnus Hirschfeld, que dirigía el Instituto de Ciencias Sexuales de Berlín, defendía los derechos de las personas transgénero.
Pero el ascenso de la Alemania nazi destruyó este ambiente relativamente abierto. Los nazis cerraron las revistas, Eldorado y el instituto de Hirschfeld. La mayoría de los “certificados de travesti”, como el de Toni Simon, fueron revocados. En el caso de mantenerlos, las personas a quienes se los habían concedido vieron con impotencia cómo la policía se negaba a respetarlos.
Durante el régimen de Hitler, las personas transgénero no se utilizaban como cuña política como hoy en día. Apenas se mencionaban públicamente. Sin embargo, lo que los nazis decían sobre ellas era escalofriante.
El autor de un libro de 1938 sobre “el problema del travestismo” escribió que, antes de que Hitler estuviera en el poder, no había mucho que se pudiera hacer con las personas trans, pero que “ahora”, en la Alemania nazi, se les podía meter en campos de concentración o someter a castración forzosa. Eso era bueno, creía, porque su “mentalidad asocial” y su supuestamente frecuente “actividad delictiva” justificaba “medidas draconianas por parte del Estado”.
Toni Simon era una persona valiente. Conocí su expediente policial cuando investigaba este asunto en el Museo Conmemorativo del Holocausto de Estados Unidos. La policía de Essen conocía a Simon como la atrevida propietaria de un club clandestino donde se reunían personas LGBTQ. A mediados de la década de 1930, fue llevada a los tribunales por criticar al régimen nazi. Para entonces, la Gestapo ya estaba harta de ella. Simon era un peligro para la juventud, escribió un oficial. Un campo de concentración era “absolutamente necesario”.
No estoy seguro de lo que le ocurrió a Simon. Su expediente termina abruptamente, con la Gestapo planeando su arresto, pero no hay documentos que confirmen que se llevara a cabo. Con suerte, evadió a la policía.
Otras mujeres trans no escaparon. En el Archivo Estatal de Hamburgo leí sobre H. Bode, que a menudo aparecía en público vestida de mujer y salía con hombres. Bajo la República de Weimar, tenía un certificado de travesti. La policía nazi la persiguió por “travestismo” y por mantener relaciones sexuales con hombres. La consideraban de género masculino, por lo que sus relaciones eran homosexuales e ilegales. La enviaron al campo de concentración de Buchenwald, donde fue asesinada.
Liddy Bacroff, de Hamburgo, también tenía un certificado de travesti durante la República. Se ganaba la vida vendiendo sexo a clientes masculinos. Después de 1933, la policía la persiguió. Escribieron que era “fundamentalmente travesti” y una “delincuente moral de la peor calaña”. Ella también fue enviada a un campo, Mauthausen, y asesinada.
Las personas trans alemanas estaban mal consideradas
Durante mucho tiempo, el público no conoció las historias de las personas trans en la Alemania nazi.
Las historias anteriores tendían a clasificar erróneamente a las mujeres trans, lo que resultaba extraño: cuando se leen las actas de sus interrogatorios policiales, a menudo son notablemente claras sobre su identidad de género, a pesar de que no ayudaban en nada a sus casos al hacerlo.
Bacroff, por ejemplo, dijo a la policía: “Mi sentido de mi sexo es plena y completamente el de una mujer”.
También hubo confusión por algunos casos que, por casualidad, salieron a la luz primero. En estos casos, la policía actuó con menos violencia. Por ejemplo, hay un conocido caso de Berlín en el que la policía renovó el “certificado de travesti” de un hombre trans después de que pasara algunos meses en un campo de concentración. Al principio, los historiadores tomaron este caso como representativo. Ahora que tenemos muchos más datos, podemos ver que se trata de un caso atípico. Normalmente, la policía revocaba los certificados.
EEUU prohibe la atención sanitaria de afirmación de género
La medicina de afirmación de género tiene ya más de cien años, y sus raíces se remontan a la Alemania de Weimar. Nunca antes se había restringido legalmente en EEUU Sin embargo, Missouri la ha prohibido básicamente para los adultos, y otros estados están tratando de restringir la atención a los adultos. Una gran cantidad de otros proyectos de ley antitrans se están tramitando en las legislaturas estatales.
Los ataques contra las personas trans no son nada nuevo, y muchos de ellos están sacados directamente del manual nazi.
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Daniel Ellsberg, the military analyst-turned-peace activist who revealed that the US government had been lying about its devastating war on Vietnam, died Friday, four months after he was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. He was 92.
Ellsberg (1931-2023) was best known as the whistleblower who leaked the Pentagon Papers to news outlets in 1971, exposing damning information about the Vietnam War that Washington had concealed from the American people and the world.
At one point he said, if he were to have a gravestone, that he would say: "He became a part of the anti-Vietnam and anti-nuclear movement." By chance, my interview about him, for release this Father's Day weekend, was posted today. https://t.co/NoxgQzSXov
Ellsberg became an outspoken anti-war campaigner who issued stark warnings about nuclear weapons and the detrimental impacts of the military-industrial complex.
He died at his home in California surrounded by family members, according to a social media post by his son Robert.
Progressives mourned the passing of Ellsberg.
Current Affairs editor Nathan Robinson called Ellsberg “a model of integrity and courage who exposed hideous crimes by the U.S. government in Vietnam and documented the insanity of US nuclear war planning,” adding, “We should all follow his example and heed his warnings.”
“Huge loss for this country,” journalist Mehdi Hasan said. “An inspiring, brave, and patriotic American. Rest in power, Dan, rest in power.”
“RIP my friend,” said social justice activist and actor John Cusack.
While he is best known as the whistleblower who gave the Pentagon Papers about the Vietnam War, Daniel Ellsberg went on for 52 years to expose other types of secrets— hidden truths about the psychology & culture of U.S. militarism.
“Today we lost a movement giant, a dear friend, and a hero,” said CodePink. “Daniel Ellsberg, who faced decades in prison for telling the American people the truth about the Vietnam War, passed away from cancer. He was a peace activist until the very end. We love you, Dan.”
In a 2019 interview, Ellsberg said, “My experience with the Pentagon Papers showed that an act of truth-telling, of exposing the realities about which the public had been misled, can indeed help end an unnecessary, deadly conflict.”
“This example is a lesson applicable to both the nuclear and climate crises we face,” he added. “When everything is at stake, it is worth risking one’s life or sacrificing one’s freedom in order to help bring about radical change.”
What an incredible human being — an embodiment of principle and courage not just in how he lived, but in how he faced death.
It was an honor of a lifetime to call you a friend, Dan. We will all miss you so much. https://t.co/47MXor3Y7Z
In a March essay he penned to announce his terminal cancer diagnosis, Ellsberg elaborated: “When I copied the Pentagon Papers in 1969, I had every reason to think I would be spending the rest of my life behind bars. It was a fate I would gladly have accepted if it meant hastening the end of the Vietnam War, unlikely as that seemed (and was). Yet in the end, that action—in ways I could not have foreseen, due to Nixon’s illegal responses—did have an impact on shortening the war. In addition, thanks to Nixon’s crimes, I was spared the imprisonment I expected, and I was able to spend the last 50 years with Patricia and my family, and with you, my friends.”
“What’s more, I was able to devote those years to doing everything I could think of to alert the world to the perils of nuclear war and wrongful interventions: lobbying, lecturing, writing, and joining with others in acts of protest and nonviolent resistance,” he continued. “It is long past time—but not too late!—for the world’s publics at last to challenge and resist the willed moral blindness of their past and current leaders.”
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The late Argentine singer / songwriter Mercedes Sosa in 1967. Wikimedia photo by Ron Kroon.
La fallecida cantautora argentina Mercedes Sosa en 1967. Foto de Wikimedia por Ron Kroon.
Resistiendo en dos idiomas
Toughing it out in two languages
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Esta mañana participé en una reunión con @RicardoLombanaG y líderes políticos independientes, con el fin de impulsar acciones para desmantelar el sistema corrupto, y trabajar juntos en forjar un mejor país. pic.twitter.com/6BYlpqWfuY
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